TL;DR: This work describes the emission of highly collimated, spatially coherent X-rays, at a wavelength of about 1 nanometre and at photon energies extending to 1.3 kiloelectronvolts, from atoms that have been ionized by a 5-femtosecond laser pulse.
Abstract: Generating X-rays that have the properties of laser light has been a long-standing goal for experimental science. Here we describe the emission of highly collimated, spatially coherent X-rays, at a wavelength of about 1 nanometre and at photon energies extending to 1.3 kiloelectronvolts, from atoms that have been ionized by a 5-femtosecond laser pulse. This means that a laboratory source of laser-like, kiloelectronvolt X-rays, which will operate on timescales relevant to many chemical, biological and materials problems, is now within reach.
TL;DR: In this paper, three separate mechanisms are identified: ballistic damage, viscous flow and microexplosions, and the relative importance of each mechanism depends on several parameters: atomic mass, melting temperature, atomic density, structure and atomic bonding of the target.
Abstract: Molecular dynamics computer simulations were employed to study damage production mechanisms at solid surfaces during bombardment with kiloelectronvolt ions. Three separate mechanisms are identified: ballistic damage, viscous flow and microexplosions. Ballistic damage is created by the direct knock-on of atoms onto the surface as described within the binary collision approximation. Viscous flow refers to local melting and the forced flow of liquid onto the surface, and microexplosions occur when the high pressures in cascades lead to rupturing of the nearby surface. The relative importance of each mechanism depends on several parameters: atomic mass, melting temperature, atomic density, structure and atomic bonding of the target, and the mass and energy of the projectile. The simulations were performed for Pt. Au, Cu, Ni and Ge self-atom bombardment. Cascades in the interior of the targets were also examined to provide a comparison for the surface events. In addition several events of 4.5keV Ne an...
TL;DR: In this paper, the sub-kiloelectronvolt and kiloelectric voltages of polystyrene tetramers adsorbed on A... were analyzed in an effort to improve the understanding of large molecule emission in organic SIMS.
Abstract: In an effort to improve our understanding of large molecule emission in organic SIMS, the sub-kiloelectronvolt and kiloelectronvolt Ar atom-induced sputtering of polystyrene tetramers adsorbed on A...
TL;DR: In this article, the formation of endohedral C 60 He + complexes in mass spectrometric experiments in which C 60 + collides with He at kiloelectronvolt energia has been modeled with molecular dynamics simulations.
Abstract: The formation of endohedral C 60 He + complexes in mass spectrometric experiments in which C 60 + collides with He at kiloelectronvolt energia has been modeled with molecular dynamics simulations. Experimental results have shown that the collision energy at which the greatest abundance of C 60 He + is observed is 5000 eV, while molecular dynamics simulations predict that optimal complex formation should occur in 8000-eV collisions
TL;DR: A kiloelectronvolt beam of helium ions is used to ionize and fragment precursor peptide ions starting in the 1+ charge state, consistent with ultraviolet photodissociation results of others and indicate that C–Cα cleavages are possible through charge exchange with helium ions.