TL;DR: The results indicate that the plasticity of the species of Nanorrhinum, as well as the variation within populations in the field, is often much greater than previously thought, and that, therefore, far too many species have been described.
Abstract: Phylogenetic studies in Kickxia sensu lato, using morphological characters, show that two groups of species appear as distinct clades, one corresponding to sect. Kickxia and the other corresponding to sect. Valvatae. The differences between the two sections are of the same magnitude as those used to separate other closely related genera in the tribe. Therefore, the treatment of sect. Valvatae as a separate genus, Nanorrhinum, is proposed. Results from a dispersal-vicariance analysis indicate that the area of origin for Nanorrhinum is Arabia, whereas for Kickxia sensu stricto it is either Macaronesia, the Mediterranean Region or both these areas combined. The taxonomy of Nanorrhinum is revised in detail, whereas for Kickxia a synoptical treatment is given, mainly based on previous literature. The results indicate that the plasticity of the species of Nanorrhinum, as well as the variation within populations in the field, is often much greater than previously thought, and that, therefore, far too many species have been described. In the present study ten species are recognized in Nanorrhinum. New combinations are N. azraqensis, N. stenanthum, N. hastatum, N. elegans, N. kuriensis, N. asparagoides, N. heterophyllum and N. woodii. Three lectotypes are selected. Keys to all taxa are given, and new information on chromosome numbers and sexual systems are provided for several species.
TL;DR: Systematic affinities are discussed primarily within Scrophulariaceae because nuclear protein bodies have been studied already in many species of this family.
Abstract: In 83 species of the familiesMonotropaceae, Apocynaceae, Oleaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Lentibulariaceae, Bignoniaceae, Martyniaceae, Myoporaceae, Verbenaceae, Lamiaceae, Campanulaceae, andLiliaceae, protein bodies in the cell nuclei have been found, in 68 of these species for the first time. On the basis of their structure in accordance with morphological characters the generaBurgsdorfia, Hesiodia, Olisia, andPhlomoides of theLamiaceae are accepted;Lamium is divided intoLamium, Lamiastrum andOrvala; two new combinations are established:Kickxia campyloceras (Rech. fil. E Veronica schmidtiana should not be included inPseudolysimachion. Systematic affinities are discussed primarily withinScrophulariaceae because nuclear protein bodies have been studied already in many species of this family. ForCampanula patula two 2 x populations are reported.
TL;DR: The third of a series of miscellaneous contributions, by various authors, where hitherto unpublished data relevant to both the Med-Checklist and the Euro+Med (or Sisyphus) projects are presented, is presented in this paper.
Abstract: This is the third of a series of miscellaneous contributions, by various authors, where hitherto unpublished data relevant to both the Med-Checklist and the Euro+Med (or Sisyphus) projects are presented. This instalment deals with the families Isoetaceae; Amaranthaceae, Callitrichaceae, Campanulaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Crassulaceae, Cruciferae, Geraniaceae, Leguminosae, Onagraceae, Polygonaceae, Resedaceae, Rosaceae, Salicaceae, Scrophulariaceae s.l. (incl. Orobanchaceae p.p., Plantaginaceae p.p. and Veronicaceae), Tamaricaceae; Cyperaceae, Gramineae, Liliaceae s.l. (incl. Hyacinthaceae) and Orchidaceae. It includes new country and area records, taxonomic and distributional considerations for taxa in Alternanthera, Bellardia, Bromopsis, Callitriche, Cardamine, Carex, Cotula, Draba, Dysphania, Echinops, Epilobium, Epipactis, Genista, Geranium, Kickxia, Lathyrus, Legousia, Lupinus, Mcneillia, Noccaea, Oligomeris, Persicaria, Pilosella, Pyracantha, Pyrus, Salix, Scrophularia, Sedum, Sempervivum, Suaeda and Tamarix, and the validation of names in Bellardia, Campanula, Draba, Isoetes, Mcneillia, Noccaea, Ornithogalum, Persicaria, Pilosella and Sempervivum.
TL;DR: In this article, the iridoid compositions of Kickxia elatine, K. spuria and K. commutata were studied and the structure of kickxin has been determined as an ester of mussaenosidic acid.
TL;DR: The structures of the iridoid glucosides 1-2 were established by 1D and 2D NMR spectral data, including COSY, HMQC and HMBC experiments, as well as HRMS.