Topic
Kankar
About: Kankar is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 24 publications have been published within this topic receiving 332 citations.
Papers
TL;DR: The calculated values of sodium adsorption ratio, percent sodium, residual sodium carbonate, and permeability index indicate good to permissible use of water for irrigation, and only a few locations demand remedial measures for better crop yields.
Abstract: The hydrogeochemical parameters for groundwater samples of the Varanasi area, a fast-urbanizing region in India, were studied to evaluate the major ion chemistry, weathering and solute acquisition processes controlling water composition, and suitability of water quality for domestic and irrigation uses. Sixty-eight groundwater samples were collected randomly from dug wells and hand pumps in the urban Varanasi area and analyzed for various chemical parameters. Geologically, the study area comprises Quaternary alluvium made up of an alternating succession of clay, silty clay, and sand deposits. The Total dissolved solids classification reveals that except two locations, the groundwater samples are desirable for drinking, and all are useful for irrigation purposes. The cationic and anionic concentrations indicated that the majority of the groundwater samples belong to the order of Na > Ca > Mg > K and HCO3 > Cl > SO4 types, respectively. Geochemical classification of groundwater based on the Chadha rectangular diagram shows that the majority (81%) of groundwater samples belong to the calcium–bicarbonate type. The HCO3/ (HCO3 + SO4) ratio (0.87) indicates mostly carbonic acid weathering process due to presence of kankar carbonate mixed with clay/fine sand. The high nitrate concentration (>45 mg/l) of about 18% of the groundwater samples may be due to the local domestic sewage, leakage of septic tanks, and improper management of sanitary landfills. In general, the calculated values of sodium adsorption ratio, percent sodium, residual sodium carbonate, and permeability index indicate good to permissible use of water for irrigation, and only a few locations demand remedial measures for better crop yields.
280 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a long-term experiments were conducted on highly alkali soil (pH > 10) to find suitable forest and fruit tree species for these areas, longterm experiments are conducted on high pH, low organic carbon contents, excessive exchangeable sodium, low fertility, low infiltration rate and the presence of indurated CaCO 3 in the profile.
Abstract: In India about 3.58 million ha are alkali soils. These soils are characterized by high pH, low organic carbon contents, excessive exchangeable sodium, low fertility, low infiltration rate, and the presence of indurated CaCO 3 in the profile. These properties make the soils unsuitable for most vegetation. To find suitable forest and fruit tree species for these areas, long-term experiments were conducted on highly alkali soil (pH > 10). Thirty forest tree species, 15 strains of Prosopis , and 10 fruit tree species were planted at the Saraswati Range Forest site in the semiarid region of Haryana in India. To identify suitable and cheap technology for forest tree establishment two methods of planting were used: (1) deep augers piercing the kankar pan, and (2) shallow augers not piercing the kankar pan. After seven years of planting, only 13 out of 30 species survived, and of the surviving species only Prosopis juliflora , Tamarix articulata , and Acacia nilotica were found suitable for such soils. Eucalyptus...
74 citations
1 Dec 1973
TL;DR: The explorations conducted by the Institute of Archaeology, Allahabad University, in the last few years in the alluvial plain of the Central Ganga Valley, bounded by the Ganga on the south and the Sarju on the north, have brought to light extensive traces of Stone Age occupation in an area completely devoid of rocks as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The explorations conducted by the Institute of Archaeology, Allahabad University, in the last few years in the alluvial plain of the Central Ganga Valley, bounded by the Ganga on the south and the Sarju on the north, have brought to light extensive traces of Stone Age occupation in an area completely devoid of rocks. The work has also revealed the connection between this appearance of early man and the morphological features brought about by the changing course of the Ganga in the Pleistocene. The Gangetic alluvial is clearly divided into two distinct formations, the older known as Bhagar, and the younger as Khadar. The terminal of the Bhagar constituted the bank of the Ganga when it was actually forming this area and gradually receding southwards to form the deposit of the Khadar. Over a very wide area the exposed sections of the Bhagar (fig. 1) consist of four layers having a thickness of 8 to 10·5 m. On the top there is a sandy soil (30 cm to 1·50 m) overlying a plastic clay deposit (90 cm to 2 m in thickness). The third layer is constituted by blackish soil (1·50 m to 3 m) full of small kankar nodules. The bottommost exposed layer or the fourth (2 m to 4 m) from the top, containing kankars, is yellowish in colour. There is no doubt that the sandy deposit capping the old formation marks the end of an epoch in the life of the Ganga, and it was deposited by the river with a flood-plane higher by at least 10 metres than its highest flood-plane subsequently recorded.
32 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Eleven typical pedons namely, KMV Palli, RKVB Peta, Karvetinagaram, Velavadi, Natteri, Nagalapuram, Brahmanakalva, Kasturkandriga, Vemur and Perumallapalli representing major land forms of plains and uplands were studied in sugarcane growing areas of Chittoor district in Andhra Pradesh.
Abstract: Eleven typical pedons namely, KMV Palli (P1), RKVB Peta (P2), Karvetinagaram (P3), Velavadi (P4), Natteri (P5), Nagalapuram (P6), Brahmanakalva (P7), Kasturkandriga (P8), Vemur (P9), Perumallapalli West (P10) and Perumallapalli East (P11) representing major land forms of plains and uplands were studied in sugarcane growing areas of Chittoor district in Andhra Pradesh. These soils developed from weathered gneiss, alluvium and weathered gneiss mixed with kankar parent material were studied for their morphological characteristics, physical and physicochemical properties and soil genesis. These soils were near neutral (6.90) to strongly alkaline (9.61) in reaction, non-saline (0.01 to 0.41dS m−1), shallow (P1), deep (P5) to very deep (P2, P3, P4, P6, P7, P8, P9, P10 and P11), and had isohyperthermic temperature and Ustic soil moisture regime. Texture, organic carbon (OC), cation exchange capacity (CEC) and basesaturation ranged from sand to clay loam in surface and sub-surface, 0.1 to 6.2 g kg−1, 1.05 to 33.34 cmol(p+)kg−1 and 54.9 to 93.35 per cent, respectively. Soils were low to medium in available N, low to high in available P and K and high in available S. The DTPA-extractable Zn was sufficient in surface horizons and deficient in sub-surface horizons in all pedons, except P7 wherein it was deficient and the soils were deficient in DTPA-extractable Fe and sufficient in Cu and Mn. These pedons were classified as Typic Ustorthents (P1, P5 and P6), Ultic Haplustalfs (P2 and P3), Typic Haplustalfs (P4 and P9), Vertic Haplustept (P7 and P11), Typic Ustipsamment (P8) and Typic Ustifluvent (P10).
15 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the shape, size and smoothness of Kankar nodules are somewhat dependent on the texture of the soils, which is controlled by the hematite and limonite, which are the sources for iron and manganese.
14 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2021 | 1 |
| 2017 | 1 |
| 2016 | 1 |
| 2015 | 2 |
| 2014 | 1 |
| 2013 | 1 |