TL;DR: This work provides a detailed discussion on the history, terms and implications of the Kyoto Protocol 1997, and explains the meaning of provision on emissions trading and other flexibility mechanisms, and provides a quantitative analysis using the Energy and Environment Programme's emissions trading model.
Abstract: Part I The road to Kyoto. Part II The key debates - policies and measures: emissions trading joint implementation economics and timescales technology transfer trade effects evolution of commitments. Part III Elements of the Kyoto Protocol - core commitments: policies and measures monitoring and reporting clean development mechanism. Part IV Quantitative analysis of commitments and flexibility. Part V Prospects - rules for trading: implementation liberalization and globalization ratification conclusion. Appendix: the text of the Kyoto Protocol.
TL;DR: The three Kyoto flexible mechanisms (emissions trading, the clean development mechanism (CDM), and joint implementation) have been reviewed in this paper, which assesses their progress and success to date, examines the problems that have emerged and considers suggestions for future developments in climate policy.
Abstract: The three Kyoto flexible mechanisms—emissions trading, the clean development mechanism (CDM), and Joint Implementation (JI)—have always been controversial. Proponents saw the mechanisms as clever tools to ensure environmental outcomes were achieved at least cost. Reducing the costs of compliance, they argued, would make tighter environmental targets possible, and certainly more politically feasible. Detractors have argued that the flexible mechanisms commoditize Earth's atmosphere in a manner that will allow dubious projects and the exchange of “hot air” to substitute for serious engagement on climate change. This chapter reviews the Kyoto flexible mechanisms, which will become fully operative during the period 2008 to 2012. The review assesses their progress and success to date, examines the problems that have emerged, and considers suggestions for future developments in climate policy.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a solution with no risk for small-scale CDM projects with annual emission reductions of less than 50,000 t CO2 equivalent per year under current estimates of world market prices for greenhouse gas emission permits.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the Carbonization Index (Carbon/energy) to assess the evolution patterns of industrialized and developing countries regarding climate change and found that while Annex I countries (industrialized) are decarbonizing, non-Annex I countries are in fact carbonizing.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors investigated the impact of the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) on carbon emissions and economic performance based on a matching methodology exploiting installation-level inclusion criteria combined with difference-in-differences.