John school

Abstract: DOCUMENT RESUME RC 022 552 Killeen, Kieran; Sipple, John School Consolidation and Transportation Policy: An Empirical and Institutional Analysis. A Working Paper. Revised. Rural School and Community Trust, Randolph, VT. 2000-04-24 53p.; Some figures may not reproduce adequately. For full text: http://www.ruralchallenge.org/publications.html. Reports Research (143) MF01/PC03 Plus Postage. *Consolidated Schools; Costs; Educational Equity.(Finance); Elementary Secondary Education; Institutional Environment; *Institutional Survival; *Rural Schools; Rural Urban Differences; *School District Spending; *School Districts; Small Schools; State School District Relationship; *Student Transportation This study examines the relationship between school consolidation and district transportation costs, effects on instructional expenditures, and institutional factors supporting consolidation. Data on actual student transportation costs across the United States indicate that despite widespread school and school district consolidation, transportation costs have increased, and transportation costs per child are greater in rural than urban school districts. Given the evidence that economy-of-scale arguments fail in rural school districts in terms of transportation costs, reasons beyond fiscal criteria must be driving consolidation. An analysis of the institutional environment shows how consolidation has been justified according to the exaction of state authority over local school districts, and has been supported through national policy towards housing and land use development. Institutional perspectives of organizational legitimacy and survival would not seem to justify consolidation, but consolidation always terminates some organizational form. Perhaps the organizational form of small schools and weak school districts makes them more susceptible to organizational death by other legitimacy-seeking organizations. It appears that higher transportation costs associated with extensive consolidation in rural areas constrain opportunities to fund quality instruction in rural areas. (Contains 44 references and 12 data tables and figures.) (TD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. School Consolidation and Transportation Policy: An Empirical and Institutional Analysis A Worldng Paper for the Rural School and Community Trust Policy Program www.ruralchallenge.org U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 'his document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. Kieran Killeen John Sipple Cornell University Revised April 24, 2000 "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY A. 6. re, vIN 05:,As TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." 2 BEST COPY AVAILABLE

Abstract: This study investigates the effectiveness of an educational diversion program, or “john school,” in changing the attitudes of men arrested for soliciting or attempting to solicit sex. Participants were 341 men who completed pre— and post-program measures assessing attitudes towards prostitution, attitudes towards prostituted women, and attitudes towards purchasing sexual services. Analyses revealed significant attitude changes in all three areas. Further analyses revealed that the program appeared to meet its goal of producing attitude change irrespective of prior experience levels with prostitution. Findings suggest that diversion programs like the one examined may be successful in their goal of changing the perception that prostitution is a victimless crime.

Abstract: This article will explore the links between sex work, gender and victimisation. It will draw on the literature on victims and victimology, as well as the literature on sex work, to explore the ways in which sex work, gender and victimisation are presented at John Schools. These are court diversion educational programmes that teach those arrested for soliciting for the purposes of buying sex the negative consequences of their actions and are currently operating in parts of the USA, Canada, the UK and South Korea. Focusing on a case study of a John School in England, it shows how the pedagogies of the John School are inherently political and structured by the local and extra-local contexts in which it is situated. It also demonstrates the small but significant influence of radical feminist ideas and tropes in the John School and the ways in which the John School presents victimisation relationally as male clients causing hidden harms to victims, most notably residents and female sex workers. Here, the activ...