TL;DR: In 1914 the British Museum acquired from William McPherson, the well-known collector, a few ostracoderms from the “Downtonian” of Lanarkshire, which were so preserved that satisfactory identification by the methods then in use was not possible.
Abstract: In 1914 the British Museum (Natural History) acquired from William McPherson, the well-known collector, a few ostracoderms from the “Downtonian” of Lanarkshire. Among these were two specimens from Logan Water of an obviously new form, which, however, were so preserved that satisfactory identification by the methods then in use was not possible. They were tentatively labelled “allied to Lasanius ” and are the “interesting though tantalizing new specimens” referred to by Smith Woodward (1921, p. 26) in his first Linnean Address. Nothing further was done with them for nearly twenty years, when the rearrangement of the collections again drew attention to these problematical fossils: and subsequent investigation has shown them to be of considerable importance.
TL;DR: A new soft-bodied chordate,Conopiscius clarki gen. et sp.
Abstract: A new soft-bodied chordate,Conopiscius clarki gen. et sp. nov., with V-shaped scales covering the trunk, and a pair of cone-shaped structures in the head, is described from the Lower Carboniferous of Granton, Edinburgh. It occurs in the ‘shrimp-bed’ which, although dominated by eumalacostracan crustaceans, has also yielded exceptionally preserved examples of other taxa including the soft parts of conodonts. The new animal may represent a jawless craniate with affinities to Jamoytius. The parallels between this and other faunas yielding similar chordates (e.g. Jamoytius) may be taphonomic rather than environmental.
TL;DR: In this article, poorly preserved vertebrates with chevron-shaped, non-mineralized scales are described from the Lower Devonian Manlius Formation of New York State.
Abstract: Poorly preserved vertebrates with chevron-shaped, non-mineralized scales are described from the Lower Devonian (Gedinnian) Manlius Formation of New York State. They most closely resemble Jamoytius kerwoodi from the Silurian of Scotland, and, like that species, are found in association with phyllocarid crustaceans. This anaspid-like vertebrate and phyllocarids lived in a near-shore, carbonate shelf environment with about 0.8–1.2 m deep water of normal or somewhat above-normal salinity.
TL;DR: A new genus and species of euphaneropid, Ciderius cooperi, is recorded from the Lower Silurian Fish Bed Formation of the Midland Valley of Scotland on the basis of articulated material as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A new genus and species of euphaneropid, Ciderius cooperi, is recorded from the Lower Silurian Fish Bed Formation of the Midland Valley of Scotland on the basis of articulated material. Euphaneropids constitute an enigmatic group which is known from Devonian deposits in Scotland and Canada. The new find adds to our understanding of this group, in particular with regard to the morphology of some common anatomical elements. The paired head stains are here shown to contain clefts which can be interpreted as optic fissures, indicating that these are the remains of eyes. The anterior head stain is reconstructed and demonstrated to be a barrel-shaped object of an uncertain nature. Paired mineralisations situated in the posterior part of the cranial region appear to represent remains of the parachordals, while fossilised blood vessels might be preserved in the form of black lines which mark a greatly elongated branchial region, similar to euphaneropids. Serially repetitive rows of short horizontal stripes on the posterior half of the body are unique for the new taxo, but their interpretation is problematic.