TL;DR: This Review provides an overview on the J-aggregates of a broad variety of dyes created by using supramolecular construction principles, and discusses their optical and photophysical properties as well as their potential applications.
Abstract: J-aggregates are of significant interest for organic materials conceived by supramolecular approaches. Their discovery in the 1930s represents one of the most important milestones in dye chemistry as well as the germination of supramolecular chemistry. The intriguing optical properties of J-aggregates (in particular, very narrow red-shifted absorption bands with respect to those of the monomer and their ability to delocalize and migrate excitons) as well as their prospect for applications have motivated scientists to become involved in this field, and numerous contributions have been published. This Review provides an overview on the J-aggregates of a broad variety of dyes (including cyanines, porphyrins, phthalocyanines, and perylene bisimides) created by using supramolecular construction principles, and discusses their optical and photophysical properties as well as their potential applications. Thus, this Review is intended to be of interest to the supramolecular, photochemistry, and materials science communities.
TL;DR: In this paper, it has been shown that 1: 1 diethyl-cyanine chloride can pass from dissociated state in true solution through a transitory molecular state which exhibits a characteristic absorption and fluorescence, to the crystalline state.
Abstract: As Prof. R. W. Wood has stated on p. 648 of his ” Physical Optics” (3rd ed.) that no liquid or solution has been found to exhibit the slightest trace of resonance radiation, it seems of interest to record that the effect has now been observed. It has been found possible to prepare suspensions of many dyes in solids and liquids, which possess an extraordinarily narrow absorption band associated with fluorescence of slightly longer wave-length. Three more or less general methods of preparation have been discovered, which possess the common feature that they cause the dye to pass from the dissociated state in true solution, through a transitory molecular state which exhibits a characteristic absorption and fluorescence, to the crystalline state. The effect is shown in a particularly striking manner by the dye 1: 1 diethyl--cyanine chloride, for which details of the three methods of obtaining the molecular absorption spectrum are given.
TL;DR: In this article, a water-soluble porphyrin, 5,10,15,20,tetra(4,sulfophenyl)porphyrin (H2TPPS44−), formed in acidified aqueous solutions, exhibits sharp and intense absorption bands at 491 and 707 nm.
Abstract: J aggregate of a water‐soluble porphyrin, 5,10,15,20‐tetra(4‐sulfophenyl)porphyrin (H2TPPS44−), formed in acidified aqueous solutions, exhibits sharp and intense absorption bands at 491 and 707 nm. These characteristic transitions, J bands, are of linear oscillators polarized in the long axis of rodlike aggregate. The molecules in the aggregate stack so as to lift the degeneracy of the porphyrin planar oscillator excited states. Measurements of flow‐induced linear dichroism, circular dichroism, magnetic circular dichroism, as well as polarized fluorescence excitation spectra provide evidence not only of linear oscillator character of the intense J band at 491 nm, but also of presence of another diffuse absorption band around at 420 nm polarized in the short axis of the aggregate, which is the counterpart of the 491 nm band of porphyrin Soret origin. Extrinsic circular dichroism is induced upon addition of L‐tartaric acid or by mechanical swirling flow in the period of aggregate growth. Resonance Raman spe...
TL;DR: Eisfeld et al. as mentioned in this paper analyzed the J-band spectra of polymer aggregates using the CES approximation and showed that the same approximation can account for measured H-bands spectra.