TL;DR: Two new allocreadiid trematodes are described from the intestine of characid fishes from Rio Itaya, a tributary of the Amazon River near Iquitos, Peru, and a framework for revaluating the classification of Allocreadiidae is provided.
Abstract: Two new allocreadiid trematodes are described from the intestine of characid fishes from Rio Itaya, a tributary of the Amazon River near Iquitos, Peru. Auriculostoma foliaceum n. sp. is described from Bryconops cf. caudomaculatus (Gunther, 1864) Backup, 2003, and Auriculostoma diagonale n. sp. from Stethaprion cf. erythrops Cope, 1870. Auriculostoma foliaceum n. sp. differs from its congeners by having a foliated lateral margin and lacking vitelline follicles in the forebody. Auriculostoma diagonale n. sp. differs from all of its congeners except Auriculostoma platense (Szidat, 1954) Scholz, Aguirre-Macedo, and Choudhury, 2004, by having oblique rather than tandem testes and differs from A. platense by having a much more elongated cirrus sac. Phylogenetic hypotheses based on analyses of 3 alignments of partial sequences of the 28S rDNA gene conducted in this study provide a framework for revaluating the classification of Allocreadiidae Looss, 1902. The present analyses show that (1) Paracreptot...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors found that each sleeping den has one to three orifices for regular access and way out, one to four orifice for circumstantial escape, and an internal cavity for the diurnal sleep.
Abstract: This report contains information about sleeping dens, population structure and the impact of hunting of the paca (Cuniculus paca Linnaeus, 1766). It is based in sleeping den observations, transect censuses and hunting records. We found that each sleeping den has one to three orifices for regular access and way out, one to four orifices for circumstantial escape, and an internal cavity for the diurnal sleep. Of the total sleeping dens inspected, 67% where located between 0 and 60 m from water bodies, but some were also found as far as 100 m away. Of the population extracted by hunters, 74% were adults and only 4% were infants. The annual hunting pressure was estimated at 0,4 individuals/ km 2 and the population density for the overall area at 6,2 individuals/ km 2 . Finally, the harvest model suggests that hunting of the paca is sustainable in Alto Itaya river basin.
TL;DR: In this paper, Imaoka et al. showed that radiometric age data had not yet been obtained and reliable radiometric ages were not yet available for radiometric radometric age analysis.
TL;DR: The highly precise physical map was constructed using a gene-directed mutagenesis method that ensured physical link of adjacent fragments that was visualized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.
Abstract: The highly precise physical map was constructed using a gene-directed mutagenesis method. The method allows the introduction of nucleotide sequences into a selected region of the chromosome without affecting other regions (Itaya and Tanaka, 1990). Restriction enzyme sites (NotI or SfiI) of the chromosome thus can be eliminated or converted to different restriction enzyme sites successively. This ensured physical link of adjacent fragments that was visualized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. A highly precise correlation of the physical and genetic map was achieved by creation of the NotI and SfiI sites in several gene loci of known location (Itaya and Tanaka, 1991; Itaya, 1993a). The NotI-SfiI physical map initially constructed had a 23 kb deletion in the 18N fragment (Itaya, 1993b).