Isotope hydrology

Abstract: Contributors. Abbreviations. Introduction. 1. Stable isotope chemistry and measurement: a primer. Elizabeth W. Sulzman. Introduction. What isotopes are, what makes them distinct. Properties of ecologically useful stable isotopes. Technological advances and current trends in the ecological use of isotopes. Acknowledgments. References. 2. Sources of variation in the stable isotopic composition of plants. John D. Marshall, J. Renee Brooks, and Kate Lajtha. Introduction. Carbon isotopes. Nitrogen isotopes. Hydrogen and oxygen isotopes. Conclusions. References. 3. Natural 15N- and 13C-abundance as indicators of forest nitrogen status and soil carbon dynamics. Charles T. Garten, Jr, Paul J. Hanson, Donald E. Todd, Jr, Bonnie B. Lau, and Deanne J. Brice. Introduction. Significance of 15N-abundance to soil carbon sequestration. Vertical changes in soil 13C-abundance and soil carbon dynamics. Conclusions. Acknowledgments. References. 4. Soil nitrogen isotope composition. R. Dave Evans. Introduction. Sources of variation in soil 15N. Patterns of soil nitrogen isotope composition. Conclusions. References. 5. Isotopic study of the biology of modern and fossil vertebrates. Paul L. Koch. Introduction. Vertebrate tissues in the fossil record. Controls on the isotopic composition of vertebrate tissues. Preservation of biogenic isotope compositions by vertebrate fossils. Paleobiological applications. Conclusions. A post-script on workshops and literature resources. References. 6. Isotopic tracking of migrant wildlife. Keith A. Hobson. Introduction. Basic principles. Marine systems. Terrestrial systems (excluding deuterium). Using deuterium patterns in precipitation. Conclusions. References. 7. Natural abundance of 15N in marine planktonic ecosystems. Joseph P. Montoya. Introduction. Background. Isotopic variation in marine nitrogen. Source delineation and isotope budgets. Animal fractionation and food web processes. Isotopic transients in marine systems. Compound-specific nitrogen isotope analyses. Conclusions. Acknowledgment. References. 8. Stable isotope studies in marine chemoautotrophically based ecosystems: An update. Cindy Lee Van Dover. Introduction. Isotopic tracing of carbon at methane seeps. Whale falls. Hydrothermal vents. Conclusions. References. 9. Stable isotope ratios as tracers in marine food webs: An update. Robert H. Michener and Les Kaufman. Introduction. Methods of assessing food webs. Phytoplankton and particulate organic carbon. Phytoplankton and particulate organic nitrogen. Marine food webs. Stable isotopes in marine conservation biology. Conclusions. Acknowledgments. References. 10. Stable isotope tracing of temporal and spatial variability in organic matter sources to freshwater ecosystems. Jacques C. Finlay and Carol Kendall. Introduction. Overview of river food webs and stable isotope approaches. Stable isotope ratios of organic matter sources in stream ecosystems. C, N, and S isotopic variability and its applications in river ecology. Conclusions. Acknowledgments. References. 11. Stable isotope tracers in watershed hydrology. Kevin J. McGuire and Jeff McDonnell. Introduction. Basic concepts in watershed hydrology. Why are stable isotopes needed?. General concepts in isotope hydrology. Applications of isotope hydrology in watershed and ecosystem studies. Conclusions. Acknowledgments. References. 12. Tracing anthropogenic inputs of nitrogen to ecosystems. Carol Kendall, Emily M. Elliott, and Scott D. Wankel. Introduction. Isotopic compositions of major N sources to ecosystems. Processes affecting the isotopic composition of DIN. Separating mixing of sources from the effects of cycling. Applications to different environmental settings. What sources of agricultural and urban sources of nitrate can be distinguished using isotopes?. Other tools for tracing anthropogenic contaminants. Conclusions. References. 13. Modeling the dynamics of stable-isotope ratios for ecosystem biogeochemistry. William S. Currie. Introduction. Designing consistent model-data linkages and comparisons. Principles and techniques of stable isotope modeling. Conclusions. Acknowledgments. References. 14. Compound-specific stable isotope analysis in ecology and paleoecology. Richard P. Evershed, Ian D. Bull, Lorna T. Corr, Zoe M. Crossman, Bart E. van Dongen, Claire Evans, Susan Jim, Hazel Mottram, Anna J. Mukherjee, and Richard D. Pancost. Introduction. Why use compound-specific stable isotopes?. Analytical considerations in compound-specific stable isotope analysis. Applications of compound-specific stable isotope approaches in ecology and paleoecology. Conclusions. References. Index

Abstract: Changes of the isotopic composition of water within the water cycle provide a recognizable signature, relating such water to the different phases of the cycle. The isotope fractionations that accompany the evaporation from the ocean and other surface waters and the reverse process of rain formation account for the most notable changes. As a result, meteoric waters are depleted in the heavy isotopic species of H and O relative to ocean waters, whereas waters in evaporative systems such as lakes, plants, and soilwaters are relatively enriched. During the passage through the aquifers, the isotope composition of water is essentially a conservative property at ambient temperatures, but at elevated temperatures, interaction with the rock matrix may perturb the isotope composition. These changes of the isotope composition in atmospheric waters, surface water, soil, and groundwaters, as well as in the biosphere, are applied in the characterization of hydrological system as well as indicators of paleo-climatological conditions in proxy materials in climatic archives, such as ice, lake sediments, or organic materials.

Abstract: Part 1 Basic principles: fundamentals of small catchment hydrology, J.M. Buttle fundamentals of isotope geochemistry, C. Kendall, E.A. Caldwell. Part 2 Processes affecting isotopic compositions: isotopic variations in precipitation, N.L. Ingraham isotopic fractionation in snow cover, L.W. Cooper isotopic exchange in soil water, C.J. Barnes, J.V. Turner plants, isotopes and water use - a catchment-scale perspective , T.E. Dawson, J.R. Ehleringer isotopes in groundwater hydrology, R. Gonfiantini et al lithogenic and cosmogenic tracers in catchment hydrology, G.J. Nimz dissolved gases in subsurfaces hydrology, D.K. Solomon et al. Part 3 Case studies in isotope hydrology: oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in rainfall-runoff studies, D.P. Genereux, R.P. Hooper high rainfall, response-dominated catchments - a comparative study of experiments in tropical northeast Queensland with temperate New Zealand, M. Bonell et al snow-melt-dominated systems, A. Rodhe arid catchments, N.L. Ingraham et al groundwater and surface-water interactions in Riparian and lake-dominated systems, J.F. Walker, D.P. Krabbenhoft. Part 4 Case studies in isotope geochemistry: use of stables isotopes in evaluating sulphur biogeochemistry of forest ecosystems, M.J. Mitchell et al tracing nitrogen sources and cycles in catchments, C. Kendall carbon cycling in terrestrial environments, Y. Wang et al tracing of weathering reactions and water flowpaths - a multi-isotope approach, T.D. Bullen, C. Kendall erosion, weathering, and sedimentation, P.R. Bierman et al applications of uranium- and thorium-series radionuclides in catchment hydrology studies, T.F. Kraemer, D.P. Genereux. Part 5 Modelling of isotopes and hydrogeochemical responses in catchment hydrology, J.V. Turner, C.J. Barnes isotopes as indicators of environmental change, J.B. Shanley et al. #00349015Part 1 Basic principles: fundamentals of small catchment hydrology, J.M. Buttle fundamentals of isotope geochemistry, C. Kendall, E.A. Caldwell. Part 2 Processes affecting isotopic compositions: isotopic variations in precipitation, N.L. Ingraham isotopic fractionation in snow cover, L.W. Cooper isotopic exchange in soil water, C.J. Barnes, J.V. Turner plants, isotopes and water use - a catchment-scale perspective , T.E. Dawson, J.R. Ehleringer isotopes in groundwater hydrology, R. Gonfiantini et al lithogenic and cosmogenic tracers in catchment hydrology, G.J. Nimz dissolved gases in subsurfaces hydrology, D.K. Solomon et al. Part 3 Case studies in isotope hydrology: oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in rainfall-runoff studies, D.P. Genereux, R.P. Hooper high rainfall, response-dominated catchments - a comparative study of experiments in tropical northeast Queensland with temperate New Zealand, M. Bonell et al snow-melt-dominated systems, A. Rodhe arid catchments, N.L. Ingraham et al groundwater and surface-water interactions in Riparian and lake-dominated systems, J.F. Walker, D.P. Krabbenhoft. Part 4 Case st