Topic
ISCOM
About: ISCOM is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 270 publications have been published within this topic receiving 11762 citations. The topic is also known as: Immune stimulating complexes.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Several distinct saponins were demonstrated to boost antibody levels by 100-fold or more when used in mouse immunizations with the Ag BSA and beef liver cytochrome b5, and vary considerably in their toxicity, as assessed by lethality in mice.
Abstract: Saponins were purified from Quillaja saponaria Molina bark by silica and reverse phase chromatography. The resulting purified saponins were tested for adjuvant activity in mice. Several distinct saponins, designated QS-7, QS-17, QS-18, and QS-21, were demonstrated to boost antibody levels by 100-fold or more when used in mouse immunizations with the Ag BSA and beef liver cytochrome b5. These purified saponins increased titers in all major IgG subclasses. To determine optimal dose in mice for adjuvant response, QS-7 and QS-21 were tested in a dose-response study in intradermal immunization with BSA in mice; for both of these purified saponins, adjuvant response (determined by stimulation of ELISA titers to BSA) neared maximum at doses of 5 micrograms and was shown to plateau up to the highest dose tested, 80 micrograms. These purified saponins vary considerably in their toxicity, as assessed by lethality in mice; the main component, QS-18, being the most toxic. Saponins QS-7 and QS-21 showed no or very low toxicity in mice, respectively. None of these saponins stimulated production of reaginic antibodies. The monosaccharide composition of these saponins showed similar but distinct compositions with all four containing fucose, xylose, galactose and glucuronic acid. Predominant differences were observed in the quantities of rhamnose, arabinose, and glucose. Monomer m.w. (determined by size exclusion HPLC) were determined to range from 1800 to 2200.
715 citations
TL;DR: The ability of the ISCOMATRIX adjuvant to induce these broad immune responses is due to the combination of antigen presentation by both MHC class I and class II pathways, and the powerful immunomodulatory capability of the saponin.
198 citations
TL;DR: This review focuses on the evaluation of ISCOMTM‐based vaccines in animals over the past 10 years, as well as examining the progress that has been achieved in the development of human vaccines based on ISCOM TM adjuvant technology.
Abstract: The immunostimulating complex or 'iscom' was first described 20 years ago as an antigen delivery system with powerful immunostimulating activity. Iscoms are cage-like structures, typically 40 nm in diameter, that are comprised of antigen, cholesterol, phospholipid and saponin. ISCOM-based vaccines have been shown to promote both antibody and cellular immune responses in a variety of experimental animal models. This review focuses on the evaluation of ISCOM-based vaccines in animals over the past 10 years, as well as examining the progress that has been achieved in the development of human vaccines based on ISCOM adjuvant technology.
175 citations
TL;DR: Investigation of the iscom showed that the protein moiety–the antigen–does not contribute to theIscom as a construct, and cholesterol and Quil A are the essential structural components assembled together into a typical cage‐like structure.
Abstract: The iscom--immunostimulating complex--is a highly immunogenic formulation of microbial membrane antigens. The biochemically analyzed components of the iscom are the protein and the glycoside Quil A. Continued analysis of the iscom showed that the protein moiety--the antigen--does not contribute to the iscom as a construct. Instead, cholesterol and Quil A are the essential structural components assembled together into a typical cage-like structure. A more "fluid" lipid, such as phosphatidylcholine, is needed to facilitate the incorporation of amphipathic poly- or oligopeptides into the iscom matrix.
175 citations
TL;DR: Recent methodologies which have attempted to increase the flexibility and applicability of saponin-adjuvanted particulate vaccines by modifying either the vaccine composition or the mode of formulation are discussed.
154 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2021 | 3 |
| 2020 | 1 |
| 2019 | 1 |
| 2018 | 1 |
| 2016 | 5 |
| 2015 | 1 |