Irus

Abstract: Experience with intrarectal ultrasonography (IRUS) is limited for the evaluation of perianal sepsis. The purpose of this article is to report our experience with IRUS in evaluating 24 cases of suspected perianal abscess and fistula. IRUS was performed intraoperatively using a Bruel & Kjaer (Model #1846; Naerum, Denmark) endoanal ultrasound scanner with a 7-MHz transducer. After completion of the IRUS, careful anorectal examination and appropriate surgical therapy were performed. At surgery, 19/24 patients were found to have perirectal abscesses, with all 19 cases correctly identified preoperatively by IRUS. In 12 cases (63 percent), IRUS correctly defined the relationship between the abscesses and sphincters by Parks' classification. At surgery, internal openings of fistulous tracts were found in 14/19 cases, but IRUS identified only 4/14 (28 percent). In 6/24 cases, IRUS and clinical evaluation did not demonstrate a perirectal abscess. The role of IRUS in the evaluation of perirectal abscess is evolving. Certainly, uncomplicated abscesses can be managed without ultrasonography. However, IRUS can be an adjunct to careful evaluation of complex perianal suppurative disease.

Abstract: This report summarizes the results of a comparative study of the virulence of the "S-M," H, and C strains of P. knowlesi for Indian rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and cynomolgus monkeys [M. irus (fascicularis)] of Malayan (West Malaysia) and Philippine origins. Each of the above strains produced fulminating, uniformly fatal infections in the rhesus monkey and mild, chronic infections, characterized by relatively low level parasitemias in cynomolgus monkeys of Philippine origin. In striking contrast, the H and C strains produced infections in cynomolgus monkeys of Malayan origin which were indistinguishable in severity from infections produced in M. mulatta. The circumstances of the study precluded evaluation of the virulence of the "S-M" strain for M. irus of Malayan origin. Even so, the available data make it necessary to qualify the long-held belief that infections with P. knowlesi in M. irus invariably follow a benign course.

Abstract: Two members of a troop of wild Macaca irus in Malaysia have been tentatively identified as hybrids of M. irus and M. nemestrina. Mechanisms prohibiting such hybridization in the natural habitat may have broken down under heavy predation pressure which finally resulted in the local extermination of M. nemestrinia.

Abstract: THE irus macaque (Macaca irus) is polymorphic for a minor haemoglobin component which resembles human Hb-A2 in electrophoretic mobility and concentration but differs from it in having a common β-chain with the normal major component, Hb-Ami (ref. 1). Two major haemoglobin variants Hb-Pmi and Hb-Qmi are also frequent in this species and these also differ from Hb-Ami in their α-chains. Some animals carry three haemoglobins, for example Hb-Pmi (αPmi2βAmi2), Hb-Ami (αAmi2βAmi2) and the minor component (αXmi2βAmi2), and therefore have three types of α-chain (αAmi, αPmi and αXmi). Hb-Pmi and Hb-Ami are probably deteimined by allelic genes. It was therefore suggested1 that the minor component arose by duplication of the α-locus in a manner analogous to the proposed origin of Hb-A2 by a β-locus duplication2.