Topic
IR3535
About: IR3535 is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 39 publications have been published within this topic receiving 2228 citations.
Papers
TL;DR: Currently available non-DEET repellent products do not provide protection for durations similar to those of DEET-based repellents and cannot be relied on to provide prolonged protection in environments where mosquito-borne diseases are a substantial threat.
Abstract: Background The worldwide threat of arthropod-transmitted diseases, with their associated morbidity and mortality, underscores the need for effective insect repellents. Multiple chemical, botanical, and "alternative" repellent products are marketed to consumers. We sought to determine which products available in the United States provide reliable and prolonged complete protection from mosquito bites. Methods We conducted studies involving 15 volunteers to test the relative efficacy of seven botanical insect repellents; four products containing N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide, now called N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET); a repellent containing IR3535 (ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate); three repellent-impregnated wristbands; and a moisturizer that is commonly claimed to have repellent effects. These products were tested in a controlled laboratory environment in which the species of the mosquitoes, their age, their degree of hunger, the humidity, the temperature, and the light-dark cycle were all kept constant. Results DEET-based products provided complete protection for the longest duration. Higher concentrations of DEET provided longer-lasting protection. A formulation containing 23.8 percent DEET had a mean complete-protection time of 301.5 minutes. A soybean-oil-based repellent protected against mosquito bites for an average of 94.6 minutes. The IR3535-based repellent protected for an average of 22.9 minutes. All other botanical repellents we tested provided protection for a mean duration of less than 20 minutes. Repellent-impregnated wristbands offered no protection. Conclusions Currently available non-DEET repellents do not provide protection for durations similar to those of DEET-based repellents and cannot be relied on to provide prolonged protection in environments where mosquito-borne diseases are a substantial threat.
900 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that DEET blocks electrophysiological responses of olfactory sensory neurons to attractive odors in Anopheles gambiae and Drosophila melanogaster, and it is concluded thatDEET masks host odor by inhibiting subsets of heteromeric insect odorant receptors that require the OR83b co-receptor.
Abstract: DEET (N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide) is the world's most widely used topical insect repellent, with broad effectiveness against most insects. Its mechanism of action and molecular target remain unknown. Here, we show that DEET blocks electrophysiological responses of olfactory sensory neurons to attractive odors in Anopheles gambiae and Drosophila melanogaster. DEET inhibits behavioral attraction to food odors in Drosophila, and this inhibition requires the highly conserved olfactory co-receptor OR83b. DEET inhibits odor-evoked currents mediated by the insect odorant receptor complex, comprising a ligand-binding subunit and OR83b. We conclude that DEET masks host odor by inhibiting subsets of heteromeric insect odorant receptors that require the OR83b co-receptor. The identification of candidate molecular targets for the action of DEET may aid in the design of safer and more effective insect repellents.
388 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the optimal management of arthropod bites is prevention, and many over-the-counter insect repellents are available, and the current, popular repellent agents and their active ingredients are discussed.
Abstract: The optimal management of arthropod bites is prevention, and many over-the-counter insect repellents are available. Since first marketed in 1956, deet has remained the most effective repellent against mosquitoes, biting fleas, gnats, and chiggers. Permethrin is applied to clothing rather than to skin, and it is a better repellent against ticks than deet. The risk of serious side effects with the use of deet is slight; nevertheless, the lowest effective concentration should be used. The current, popular repellent agents (for adults and children) and their active ingredients are discussed. In addition, the Environmental Protection Agency guidelines for the safe use of insect repellents are supplied.
288 citations
25 Oct 2006
TL;DR: This work focuses on the development and use of Insect Repellents for human use in the developing world and investigates the combination of N,N-Diethyl Phenylacetamide and Deet, a Multi-Insect Repellent, and the risks and benefits of using either of these substances in conjunction with each other.
Abstract: Preface, M. Debboun, S. Frances, and D. Strickman Principles History of Insect Repellents, S.J. Moore and M. Debboun Terminology of Insect Repellents, G.B. White Vertebrate Chemical Defense: Secreted and Topically Acquired Deterrents of Arthropods, P.J. Weldon and J.F. Carroll Human Emanations and Related Natural Compounds that Inhibit Mosquito Host-Finding Ability, U.R. Bernier, D.L. Kline, and K.H. Posey Methods Standard Methods for Testing Mosquito Repellents, D.R. Barnard, U.R. Bernier, R.-d. Xue, and M. Debboun Biometrics and Behavior in Mosquito Repellent Assays, D.R. Barnard and R.-d. Xue Animal Models in Research and Development of Insect Repellents for Human Use, L.C. Rutledge and R.K. Gupta Techniques for Evaluating Insect Repellents, J.M. Govere and D.N. Durrheim Use of an Olfactometer for Determining Attractants and Repellents, J.F. Butler Discovery and Design of New Arthropod/Insect Repellents by Computer-Aided Molecular Modeling, R.K. Gupta and A.K. Bhattacharjee Molecular-Based Chemical Prospecting of Mosquito Attractants and Repellents, W.S. Leal Products and Active Ingredients Evaluation of Topical Insect Repellents and Factors that Affect Their Performance, S.P. Carroll Repellents Used in Fabric: The Experience of the U.S. Military, W.C. McCain and G.J. Leach Plant-Based Insect Repellents, S.J. Moore, A. Lenglet, and N. Hill Considerations on the Use of Botanically-Derived Repellent Products, E.J. Gerberg and R.J. Novak Efficacy and Safety of Repellents Containing Deet, S.P. Frances Lipodeet: An Improved Formulation for a Safe, Long-Lasting Repellent, B. Salafsky, T. Shibuya, Y.-X. He, J. Ha, and K. Ramaswamy Picaridin, S.P. Frances DEPA: Efficacy, Safety and Use of N,N-Diethyl Phenylacetamide, a Multi-Insect Repellent, S. Prakash, R. Vijayaraghavan, and K. Sekhar PMD (p-Menthane-3,8-Diol) and Quwenling, D. Strickman IR3535(R) (Ethyl Butylacetylaminopropionate), G. Puccetti Older Synthetic Active Ingredients and Current Additives, D. Strickman Area Repellent Products, D. Strickman Uses User Acceptability: Public Perceptions of Insect Repellents, S.P. Frances and M. Debboun Commercially Available Insect Repellents and Criteria for Their Use, R.-D. Xue, A. Ali, and J.F. Day Global Regulatory Perspectives on Insect Repellent Development and Registration, K.J. Sweeney Epilogue Prospects for the Future, D. Strickman, S.P. Frances, and M. Debboun Appendices Index
227 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the literature up to December 31st, 2012, regarding repellent efficacy is presented, where the authors considered the mosquito species Anopheles, Aedes and Culex as well as the tick species Ixodes.
200 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2021 | 1 |
| 2020 | 2 |
| 2019 | 6 |
| 2018 | 2 |
| 2017 | 1 |
| 2016 | 4 |