Topic
Ionotropic effect
About: Ionotropic effect is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2757 publications have been published within this topic receiving 119823 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
TL;DR: The universal modulation of these neurons by serotonin and acetylcholine via ionotropic receptors suggests that they might be involved in shaping cortical circuits during specific brain states andbehavioral contexts.
Abstract: An understanding of the diversity of cortical GABAergic interneurons is critical to understand the function of the cerebral cortex. Recent data suggest that neurons expressing three markers, the Ca2+-binding protein parvalbumin (PV), the neuropeptide somatostatin (SST), and the ionotropic serotonin receptor 5HT3a (5HT3aR) account for nearly 100% of neocortical interneurons. Interneurons expressing each of these markers have a different embryological origin. Each group includes several types of interneurons that differ in morphological and electrophysiological properties and likely have different functions in the cortical circuit. The PV group accounts for ∼40% of GABAergic neurons and includes fast spiking basket cells and chandelier cells. The SST group, which represents ∼30% of GABAergic neurons, includes the Martinotti cells and a set of neurons that specifically target layerIV. The 5HT3aR group, which also accounts for ∼30% of the total interneuronal population, is heterogeneous and includes all of the neurons that express the neuropeptide VIP, as well as an equally numerous subgroup of neurons that do not express VIP and includes neurogliaform cells. The universal modulation of these neurons by serotonin and acetylcholine via ionotropic receptors suggests that they might be involved in shaping cortical circuits during specific brain states and behavioral contexts.
1,499 citations
TL;DR: Conservation of IR/iGluR-related proteins in bacteria, plants, and animals suggests that this receptor family represents an evolutionarily ancient mechanism for sensing both internal and external chemical cues.
1,353 citations
TL;DR: The cloning of a complementary DNA encoding a new subtype of the GABAB receptor (GABABR2), which is identified by mining expressed-sequence-tag databases, indicates that, in vivo, functional brain GABAB receptors may be heterodimers composed of GABABR1 and GABABR2.
Abstract: GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system, where it exerts its effects through ionotropic (GABAA/C) receptors to produce fast synaptic inhibition and metabotropic (GABAB) receptors to produce slow, prolonged inhibitory signals. The gene encoding a GABAB receptor (GABABR1) has been cloned1; however, when expressed in mammalian cells this receptor is retained as an immature glycoprotein on intracellular membranes2 and exhibits low affinity for agonists compared with the endogenous receptor on brain membranes. Here we report the cloning of a complementary DNA encoding a new subtype of the GABAB receptor (GABABR2), which we identified by mining expressed-sequence-tag databases. Yeast two-hybrid screening showed that this new GABABR2-receptor subtype forms heterodimers with GABABR1 through an interaction at their intracellular carboxy-terminal tails. Upon expression with GABABR2 in HEK293T cells, GABABR1 is terminally glycosylated and expressed at the cell surface. Co-expression of the two receptors produces a fully functional GABAB receptor at the cell surface; this receptor binds GABA with a high affinity equivalent to that of the endogenous brain receptor. These results indicate that, in vivo, functional brain GABAB receptors may be heterodimers composed of GABABR1 and GABABR2.
1,257 citations
TL;DR: The unique features of the early-appearing GABA signalling systems might help to explain how GABA acts as a developmental signal in the immature brain.
Abstract: In the mature brain, GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) functions primarily as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. But it can also act as a trophic factor during nervous system development to influence events such as proliferation, migration, differentiation, synapse maturation and cell death. GABA mediates these processes by the activation of traditional ionotropic and metabotropic receptors, and probably by both synaptic and non-synaptic mechanisms. However, the functional properties of GABA receptor signalling in the immature brain are significantly different from, and in some ways opposite to, those found in the adult brain. The unique features of the early-appearing GABA signalling systems might help to explain how GABA acts as a developmental signal.
1,185 citations
TL;DR: This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the literature on excitotoxicity and perspectives on how the new generation of excitOToxicity inhibitors may succeed despite the failure of the previous generation of drugs.
1,047 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 47 |
| 2024 | 88 |
| 2023 | 117 |
| 2022 | 189 |
| 2021 | 91 |
| 2020 | 96 |