Intensional logic

Abstract: Preface 1. Contingentism and Necessitism 2. The Barcan Formula and its Converse: Early Developments 3. Possible Worlds Model Theory 4. Predication and Modality 5. From First-Order to Higher-Order Modal Logic 6. Intensional Comprehension Principles and Metaphysics 7. Mappings between Contingentist and Necessitist Discourse 8. Consequences of necessitism Methodological Afterword Bibliography Index

Abstract: Introduction Part I. Quantification in natural language: 1. Adverbs of quantification David Lewis 2. Deletion and variable binding Barbara Hall Partee 3. A semantics for superficial and embedded questions in natural language R. D. Hull 4. Sortal quantification J. E. J. Altham and Neil W. Tennant Part II. Reference and Cross Reference: 5. Deixis as the source of reference John Lyons 6. Referential constraints on lexical items Pieter Seuren 7. On generics Osten Dahl 8. Quantifiers, definite descriptions and reference Colin Biggs Part III. Intensional Logic and Syntactic Theory: 9. Two theories about adjectives J. A. W. Kamp 10. Partial interpretations Franz Von Kutschera 11. Subcategorisation of adnominal and adverbial modifiers Renate Bartsch 12. Should generative semantics be related to intensional logic? Carl H. Heidrich 13. Transformational semantics Arnim von Strechow Part IV. Questioning Model Theoretic Semantics: 14. Model theoretic semantics and natural language Nicholas Jardine 15. Model theory and linguistics Timothy C. Potts Part V. Pragmatics and Sentences in Context: 16. Pragmatics in natural logic George Lakoff 17. Changing the context Stephen Isard 18. Conditions of the use of sentences and a semantic representation of topic and focus Petr Sgall 19. Topics, sentence accent, ellipsis: a proposal for their formal treatment Theo Vennemann 20. Preference semantics Yorick Wilks Part VI. Semantics and Surface Syntax: 21. Arguments for assigning tense meanings after certain syntactic transformations apply Joseph Emonds 22. Towards a formal treatment of the phenomenon of aspect Catherine Fuchs and Jacques Rouault 23. On the relations between syntax and semantics Maurice Gross 24. Logical expressive power and syntactic variation in natural language Edward L. Keenan 25. Clausematiness John R. Ross.

Abstract: The subject of this paper is the foundations of modal logic. By founda tions, we generally mean the underlying assumptions, the underpinnings. There is a normative sense in which it has been claimed that modal logic is without foundation. Professor Quine, in Word and Object, suggests that it was conceived in sin: the sin of confusing use and mention. The original transgressors were Russell and Whitehead. Lewis followed suit and constructed a logic in which an operator corresponding to 'necessarily' operates on sentences whereas 'is necessary' ought to be viewed as a predicate of sentences. As Professor Quine reconstructs the history of the enterprise,1 the operational use of modalities promised only one advan tage : the possibility of quantifying into modal contexts. This several of us2 were enticed into doing. But the evils of the sentential calculus were found out in the functional calculus, and with it - to quote again from Word and Object - 'the varied sorrows of modality transpose'. I do not intend to claim that modal logic is wholly without sorrows, but only that they are not those which Professor Quine describes. I do claim that modal logic is worthy of defense, for it is useful in connection with many interesting and important questions such as the analysis of causa tion, entailment, obligation and belief statements, to name only a few. If we insist on equating formal logic with strongly extensional functional

Abstract: In this book, Edward N. Zalta tackles the issues that arise in connection with intensional logic and intentional states. In this book, Edward N. Zalta tackles the issues that arise in connection with intensional logic - a formal system for representing and explaining the apparent failures of certain important principles of inference - and intentional states - mental states such as beliefs, hopes, and desires, that are directed toward the world. His theory not only offers a unified explanation of the various kinds of inferential failures associated with intensional logic, but also unifies the study of intensional contexts and intentional states by grounding the explanation of both phenomena in a single theory. Zalta shows that an axiomatized realm of abstract entities, when added to the metaphysical structure of the world, can be used to identify and individuate the contents of directed mental states. These special abstract entities can be viewed as the objectified contents of mental files and they play a crucial role in the analysis of the truth conditions of the sentences involved in the inference failures. The intentional logic Zalta develops, unlike others, can analyze a wide variety of failures involving the principles of substitutivity, existential generalization, and strong extensionality. A Bradford Book.