TL;DR: Five levels of RAIDs are introduced, giving their relative cost/performance, and a comparison to an IBM 3380 and a Fujitsu Super Eagle is compared.
Abstract: Increasing performance of CPUs and memories will be squandered if not matched by a similar performance increase in I/O. While the capacity of Single Large Expensive Disks (SLED) has grown rapidly, the performance improvement of SLED has been modest. Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks (RAID), based on the magnetic disk technology developed for personal computers, offers an attractive alternative to SLED, promising improvements of an order of magnitude in performance, reliability, power consumption, and scalability. This paper introduces five levels of RAIDs, giving their relative cost/performance, and compares RAID to an IBM 3380 and a Fujitsu Super Eagle.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a high-performance, log-structured implementation of a RAID subsystem that can be efficiently implemented in software, which allows the RAID subsystem to achieve high performance without using specialized hardware such as non-volatile memory or hardware XOR/DMA engines.
Abstract: This invention describes a high-performance, log-structured implementation of a RAID subsystem that can be efficiently implemented in software The methods described here allow the RAID subsystem to achieve high performance without using specialized hardware such as non-volatile memory or hardware XOR/DMA engines Furthermore, the RAID implementation described here is well suited for supporting many functions required for advanced storage virtualization such as virtual disks, graceful addition and removal of disks, tolerating multi-disk failures, and snapshots
TL;DR: Through the use of redundancy in the disk array, support hardware failures can be eliminated as a major factor in the data integrity of RAID.
Abstract: Disk drive arrays are receiving attention from computer researchers looking for higher performance mass storage. RAID (Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks) appears to offer benefits over storage systems based on large format disks. This paper investigates disk drive and disk support hardware failures as factors in the data integrity of RAID. Through the use of redundancy in the disk array, support hardware failures can be eliminated as a major factor in the data integrity of RAID. This paper also presents some practical considerations in the design of a RAID prototype and discusses how such a prototype could be constructed at Berkeley in the near future. The prototype will most likely be based on 5.25 inch disk drives and the Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) bus.
TL;DR: A method, apparatus, and system for implementing a multi-level redundant array of independent disks (RAID) architecture to increase data storage system performance and/or redundancy of data is described in this paper.
Abstract: A method, apparatus, and system for implementing a multi-level redundant array of independent disks (RAID) architecture to increase data storage system performance and/or redundancy of data. In one embodiment, the RAID architecture includes, at the lowest or n-th layer, a plurality of nodes or storage devices implementing striped, mirrored, and/or other RAID algorithm, and assigned a system identification or LUN (logical unit number). Each LUN is part of a larger data storage system that may employ one or more other RAID organizations such as a RAID 4 or RAID 5.
TL;DR: This technical report describes the RAID concept, the basic RAID levels, a more detailed analysis of RAID performance on reliability, and the initial prototyping plans.
Abstract: A RAID is a Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disk, a new way to organize small format disk devices to drastically increase I/O bandwidth. In this technical report, we describe the RAID concept, the basic RAID levels, a more detailed analysis of RAID performance on reliability, and our initial prototyping plans.