Topic
Intel 4004
About: Intel 4004 is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 42 publications have been published within this topic receiving 534 citations. The topic is also known as: 4004.
Papers
TL;DR: The Intel 4004 as mentioned in this paper was the first single-chip microprocessor with 2,300 transistors, running at a clock speed of up to 740 KHz, and delivering 60,000 instructions per second while dissipating 0.5 watts.
Abstract: In November 1971, Intel introduced the world’s first single-chip microprocessor, the Intel 4004. It had 2,300 transistors, ran at a clock speed of up to 740 KHz, and delivered 60,000 instructions per second while dissipating 0.5 watts. The following four decades witnessed exponential growth in compute power, a trend that has enabled applications as diverse as climate modeling, protein folding, and computing real-time ballistic trajectories of angry birds. Today’s microprocessor chips employ billions of transistors, include multiple processor cores on a single silicon die, run at clock speeds measured in gigahertz, and deliver more than 4 million times the performance of the original 4004.
115 citations
15 Nov 2008
TL;DR: The instruction set, the programming environment, the kernels written for the chip, and the experiences programming this microprocessor are described, which implies for future message passing, network-on-a-chip processors.
Abstract: Intel's 80-core terascale processor was the first generally programmable microprocessor to break the Teraflops barrier. The primary goal for the chip was to study power management and on-die communication technologies. When announced in 2007, it received a great deal of attention for running a stencil kernel at 1.0 single precision TFLOPS while using only 97 Watts. The literature about the chip, however, focused on the hardware, saying little about the software environment or the kernels used to evaluate the chip. This paper completes the literature on the 80-core terascale processor by fully defining the chip's software environment. We describe the instruction set, the programming environment, the kernels written for the chip, and our experiences programming this microprocessor. We close by discussing the lessons learned from this project and what it implies for future message passing, network-on-a-chip processors.
96 citations
TL;DR: From that modest but prophetic beginning, the microprocessor market has grown into a multibillion-dollar business, and Intel has maintained a leadership position, particularly in microprocessors for personal computers.
Abstract: Twenty-five years ago, in November 1971, an advertisement appeared in Electronic News: "Announcing a new era in integrated electronics, a microprogrammable computer on a chip". The ad was placed by Intel Corporation of Santa Clara, California, then just over three years old. From that modest but prophetic beginning, the microprocessor market has grown into a multibillion-dollar business, and Intel has maintained a leadership position, particularly in microprocessors for personal computers. The authors look at the design and development of the 4004.
74 citations
TL;DR: The design and development of the million-transistor N10 chip, which is aimed at workstations and supercomputers, is described, and is the company's first chip to use a reduced instruction set.
Abstract: The design and development of the million-transistor N10 chip, which is aimed at workstations and supercomputers, is described. This superfast microprocessor is also the company's first chip to use a reduced instruction set. The chip is designed for testability, executes each instruction in one clock cycle, and features on-chip parallelism. >
43 citations
1 Dec 1995
TL;DR: In 1970, Noyce and Hoff as discussed by the authors developed two "microcomputers" 10 years ahead of schedule, by scaling down the requirements and using a few other "tricks" described in this paper.
Abstract: Intel's founder, Robert Noyce, chartered Ted Hoff's Applications Research Department in 1969 to find new applications for silicon technology-the microcomputer was the result. Hoff thought it would be neat to use MOS LSI technology to produce a computer. Because of the ever growing density of large scale integrated (LSI) circuits a "computer on a chip" was inevitable. But in 1970 we could only get about 2000 transistors on a chip, and a conventional CPU would need about 10 times that number. We developed two "microcomputers" 10 years ahead of "schedule," by scaling down the requirements and using a few other "tricks" described in this paper.
29 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2018 | 1 |
| 2017 | 1 |
| 2015 | 1 |
| 2014 | 2 |
| 2013 | 3 |
| 2012 | 2 |