Abstract: A safety device is provided for use with endoscopic instrumentation, particularly and endoscopic clip applier. The device includes a collar which is adapted to be disposed on the elongated shaft of the endoscopic instrument. A release means is provided as part of the trocar guide sleeve which is adapted to contact the collar and release it from engagement with the elongated shaft.

Abstract: Abstract Due to its nondestructive imaging power, scanning tunneling microscopy has found major applications in the fields of physics, chemistry, engineering, and materials science. This book provides a comprehensive treatment of scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopy, with full coverage of the imaging mechanism, instrumentation, and sample applications. The work is the first single-author reference on STM and presents much valuable information previously available only as proceedings or collections of review articles. It contains a 32-page section of remarkable STM images, and is organized as a self-contained work, with all mathematical derivations fully detailed. As a source of background material and current data, the book will be an invaluable resource for all scientists, engineers, and technicians using the imaging abilities of STM and AFM. It may also be used as a textbook in senior-year and graduate level STM courses, and as a supplementary text in surface science, solid-state physics, materials science, microscopy, and quantum mechanics.

Abstract: The May 1994 American Society of Training and Development (ASTD) meeting will be the 25th anniversary of Situational Leadership. This article by one of the original developers of that model and two of his colleagues reviews work that led to the model's development, revisions that have since improved the model, and extensive research that has been conducted--much of it never before formally published--using the revised model and related instrumentation.

Abstract: The diagnostic system makes use of a knowledge based controller and a plurality of data logger units, at least one of which is a wireless unit, to collect temporally coordinated data indicative of the seal tune operation of a system under test that comprises a plurality of spatially disjunct but operationally interdependent components. The diagnostic system controller automatically architects an instrumentation plan to collect the data and calculates performance factors from this collected data. A comparision of the calculated performance factors with optimum and typical failure mode performance factors identifies performance problems in the system under test.

Abstract: The development, during the last decade, of modern step-scan interferometry instrumentation has allowed FT-IR to be applied to the study of time-dependent phenomena in ways not previously possible, because of the problems of uncoupling the spectral multiplexing from the temporal domain in the continuous-scan FT-IR mode. Specifically, the time regime from tens of nanoseconds to tens of milliseconds has been accessible to time-domain measurements to only a very limited degree with continuous-scan instrumentation and not at all for modulation-demodulation (frequency-domain) experiments in this time range. The step-scan technique not only works very well in this time regime and for slower phenomena, but is only prevented from application to faster processes by the signal strength, the speed of available detectors, the intensity of sources, and the speed and sophistication of the electronics. This paper surveys the various types of experiments which are either enhanced by use of step-scan FT-IR methods or are only possible by use of these techniques. The principles of step-scan instrumentation are reviewed, particularly those of retardation control, signal generation, and data acquisition, as well as the place of step-scan FT-IR relative to other techniques of dynamic vibrational spectroscopy. The importance of path difference (phase) modulation, particularly in frequency-domain measurements, the extraction and use of the signal phase, the creation of 2D FT-IR spectra, and the strategies for acquisition of both time- and frequency-domain data in the step-scan mode are discussed and illustrated.

Abstract: The authors describe Mtool, a software tool for analyzing performance losses in shared memory parallel programs. Mtool augments a program with low overhead instrumentation which perturbs the program's execution as little as possible while generating enough information to isolate memory and synchronization bottlenecks. After running the instrumented version of the parallel program, the programmer can use Mtool's window-based user interface to view compute time, memory, and synchronization objects. The authors describe Mtool's low overhead instrumentation methods, memory bottleneck detection technique, and attention focusing mechanisms, contrast Mtool with other approaches, and offer a case study to demonstrate its effectiveness. >

Abstract: A general purpose instrumentation and data logging system was developed for a 97 kW agricultural tractor for use in field research on tractor and implement performance. The tractor was fitted with a set of transducers to measure fuel consumption, engine, wheel, and ground speed, front and rear axle torque and weight, and forces in the three-point hitch. Transducer signals were isolated, amplified, and filtered by signal conditioners, and recorded by a microcomputer-based data logger. Flexible software was developed to control the data logger. The software had provision for a wide range of sampling rates and real-time graphic display of up to eight data channels. The system hardware and software were designed to accommodate future expansion with additional transducers on the tractor or implement. A cab extension was built on the side of the existing tractor cab to house the instrumentation system and data logger operator.

Abstract: A novel surgical instrumentation kit is provided. There is a sterile reloading unit package in this kit. These reloading units or other separate packages may be maintained in their own sterile environment. Further, the ability of the surgeon to transfer from an endoscopic procedure to an open procedure is provided. Finally, there is described a novel package which allows the surgeon to rapidly open the tray and remove from it a surgical drape containing the instrumentation of the above-described kit.

Abstract: A communication system uses controllers for bi-directional protocol conversion. There is a plurality of remote signal inputs comprised of supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) signals, and/or remote terminal unit (RTU) signals, and/or instrumentation monitoring signals, and/or instrumentation control signals having different protocols. The signals are either in synchronous and asynchronous data formats and include voice inputs. Multiplexing such signal inputs into a composite signal is effected for transmission over electronic and physical communication media using X.25 or higher protocol, at an aggregate transmission data rate of 9.6 Kbps or faster. One or more controller can be configured as the master of remote units. Such units can perform remote signal input emulation; master/remote apparatus emulation, permits user-defined signal port control access; and provides operational diagnostics of the units and their associated communication link.

Abstract: The process of instrumenting a program to study its behavior can lead to perturbations in the program's execution. These perturbations can become severe for large parallel systems or problem sizes, even when one captures only high level events. In this paper, we address the important issue of eliminating execution perturbations caused by high-level instrumentation of SPMD programs. We will describe perturbation analysis techniques for common computation and communication measurements, and show examples which demonstrate the effectiveness of these techniques in practice.

Abstract: Comprehensive reference providing detailed treatment of sensors ranging from simple thermistors to strain gauges, electro-optics, and medical laboratory sensors. Practical application and interfacing to both analog and digital circuits are included. Covers the latest analog-to-digital converters for sensor interfacing to computers and interfacing sensors to the IBM-PC series computers. Also delivers a wealth of vital application examples. Intended for practical design of instrumentation devices. KEY FEATURES: provides grounding, shielding, and interference reduction strategies. includes in-depth coverage of noise and its effects on sensor signal processing. covers DC power supply and excitation sources for sensors. "

Abstract: Although the nascent state of parallel systems makes empirical performance measurement, analysis and tuning critical, rapid technological evolution, coupled with short product life cycles, has often made it difficult to isolate fundamental experimental principles from implementation artifacts. By definition, the apparatus for experimental performance analysis (i.e., instrumentation specification, data buffering, timestamp generation, and data extraction) is shaped by the intended experiment and the object of study. In some environments, certain experiments are not feasible. Balancing the volume of captured performance data against its accuracy and timeliness requires both appropriate tools and an understanding of instrumentation costs, implementation alternatives, and support infrastructure.

Abstract: EPG-sim is a newly-developed set of tools that performs execution-driven critical path simulation, trace generation, and simulation for serial, optimistically parallelized, and parallel application codes. These capabilities are integrated within a single framework through the use of intelligent source-level instrumentation. The ability to perform execution-driven simulations driven by optimistically parallelized codes, the ability to execute these simulations on parallel hosts, the use of source-level instrumentation, and the integration of the capabilities provided by EPG-sim are among the novel contributions of this work. EPG-sim has important uses in studying parallel architectures, parallelizing compilers, and parallel applications.

Abstract: Significant progress has been made recently in techniques and corresponding instrumentation for optical spectroscopy and imaging of tissues in vivo, based on either optical absorption/scattering, fluorescence, or Raman effects. The focus of this paper is on the principles and instrumentation required for in vivo use, particularly non-invasive clinical applications. Progress in absorption spectroscopy and imaging are emphasized in order to illustrate principles and some of the major limitations of current technologies. Possible future approaches to practical clinical instrumentation are indicated.

Abstract: From the Publisher: Application-Driven Architecture Synthesis describes the state-of-the-art in architectural synthesis for complex real-time processing. In order to deal with the stringent timing requirements and the intricacies of complex real-time signal and data processing, target architecture styles and target application domains have been adopted to make the synthesis approach feasible. These approaches are also heavily application-driven which is illustrated by many realistic demonstrations, used as examples throughout the book. The focus is on domains where application-specific solutions are attractive such as significant parts of audio, telecom, instrumentation, speech, robotics, medical and automotive processing, image and video processing, TV, multi-media, radar, and sonar. Application-Driven Architecture Synthesis is of interest to both academia and to senior design engineers and CAD managers in industry. It provides an excellent overview of what capabilities to expect from future practical design tools and includes an extensive bibliography.

Abstract: A scheme is presented for constructing prototype testing tools to experiment with issues in data-flow testing of arrays. Data-flow testing is a variant of path testing that falls between the extremes of simple run-time instrumentation, and full path testing. In data-flow testing, the paths selected for exercising are variants of def/use (DU) paths for program variables. Tool support for data-flow testing takes the form of static program analysis followed by run-time instrumentation. The output from a test analyzer is a list of untested, possible DU associations. With the novel approach to constructing testing-supporting tools, it is easy to experiment with new analysis methods. The authors describe the implementation of a DU-path analyzer as an example of this approach. Using the prototype tool, experiments and issues are considered raised by an analyzer that treats arrays differently from existing tools. Each array element is considered to be a distinct data-flow object. >

Abstract: 149. To give students insight into the operation of modern instrumentation, an experiment was developed to exhibit the steps necessary to acquire, analyze, and present data from an NMR spectrometer by a personal computer.

Abstract: Amplifiers analog signal conditioning and processing analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversion analytical physical measurements - principles and practice angular rate sensing artificial intelligence in measurement and instrumentation automotive applications of measurement and instrumentation biological and biomedical measurement systems bridges chemical analysis, instrumental construction and manufacture of instrument systems correlation in measurement and instrumentation current measurement density and consistency measurement design principles for instrument systems digital instruments displacement and dimension measurement electrochemical measurements environmental measurement and instrumentation errors and uncertainty errors - avoidance and compensation flow measurement - applications and instrumentation selection, economic factors, markets and developments, principles and techniques force and dimensions - tactile sensors frequency and time measurement identification in measurement and instrumentation image processing and its industrial applications information theory in measurement and instrumentation installation and commissioning instrument elements - models and characteristics instrument systems - functional architectures, general requirements instrumentation in systems design and control instruments - models and characteristics, performance characteristics ionizing radiation measurements level measurement life cycle mass, force and weight measurement measurement and instrumentation - history measurement - fundamental principles measurement science measurement - system of scales and units mechanical and robotics applications - multicomponent force sensors. (Part Contents).

Abstract: A six-input/six-output multivariable adaptive controller is used to control a large 3-dimensional flexible structure experiment. For this purpose, the JPLIAFAL antennalike experiment structure is used, with instrumentation distributed on both the hub and the ribs. This represents a significant increase in complexity relative to earlier adaptive control experiments performed on the same structure, utilizing a two-input/two-output set-up with instrumentation on the hub alone [I]. The increase in instrumentation significantly increases spatial controllability, and excitation and control of a much larger set of modes. This paper documents multivariable adaptive control experiments on this structural configuration, and discusses many of the associated design and implementation issues required for successful operation.