TL;DR: Leslie J. Reagan traces the practice and policing of abortion, which although illegal was nonetheless widely available, but always with threats for both doctor and patient as mentioned in this paper, concluding that women often found cooperative practioners, but prosecution, public humiliation, loss of privacy, and inferior medical care were a constant threat.
Abstract: As we approach the 30th anniversary of Roe v. Wade, it's crucial to look back to the time when abortion was illegal. Leslie Reagan traces the practice and policing of abortion, which although illegal was nonetheless widely available, but always with threats for both doctor and patient. In a time when many young women don't even know that there was a period when abortion was a crime, this work offers chilling and vital lessons of importance to everyone. The linking of the words 'abortion' and 'crime' emphasizes the difficult and painful history that is the focus of Leslie J. Reagan's important book. Her study is the first to examine the entire period during which abortion was illegal in the United States, beginning in the mid-nineteenth century and ending with Roe v. Wade in 1973.Although illegal, millions of abortions were provided during these years to women of every class, race, and marital status. The experiences and perspectives of these women, as well as their physicians and midwives, are movingly portrayed here. Reagan traces the practice and policing of abortion. While abortions have been typically portrayed as grim 'back alley' operations, she finds that abortion providers often practiced openly and safely. Moreover, numerous physicians performed abortions, despite prohibitions by the state and the American Medical Association.Women often found cooperative practioners, but prosecution, public humiliation, loss of privacy, and inferior medical care were a constant threat. Reagan's analysis of previously untapped sources, including inquest records and trial transcripts, shows the fragility of patient rights and raises provocative questions about the relationship between medicine and law. With the right to abortion again under attack in the United States, this book offers vital lessons for every American concerned with health care, civil liberties, and personal and sexual freedom.
TL;DR: The generation of suspicion -single women, bastardy and the law examining suspects - conflicting accounts of pregnancy, birth and death examining bodies - medical evidence and the coroner's inquest virtuous or vicious - conflicting account of accused women reaching verdict - laws of evidence and standards of proof the decline and fall of the 1624 statute.
Abstract: The generation of suspicion - single women, bastardy and the law examining suspects - conflicting accounts of pregnancy, birth and death examining bodies - medical evidence and the coroner's inquest virtuous or vicious - conflicting accounts of accused women reaching verdict - laws of evidence and standards of proof the decline and fall of the 1624 statute.
TL;DR: By matching information collected from coroner inquest records with hospital admission and discharge registers, 27 suicides and 5 other unexpected deaths were identified over 30 months among persons who either were psychiatric in-patients at the time or had been up to eight weeks previously.
Abstract: By matching information collected from coroner inquest records with hospital admission and discharge registers, 27 suicides and 5 other unexpected deaths were identified over 30 months among persons who either were psychiatric in-patients at the time or had been up to eight weeks previously. The relevant consultant completed a questionnaire concerning assessment and management in each case. It is suggested that such an approach might usefully be adopted widely as an audit of unexpected deaths. In 20 of the suicides the seriousness of the risk was not fully recognised; 13 absented themselves from the hospital ward without leave. Misleading clinical improvement in the absence of corresponding alleviation of situational problems, and patient alienation appeared important hazards. The findings have implications for service development, particularly when major reduction of bed numbers is planned.
TL;DR: To determine the demographic characteristics, mode of death, and nature and timing of medical contacts in the year before death in a sample of suicides in older people, a database of over-65s was analyzed.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the demographic characteristics, mode of death, and nature and timing of medical contacts in the year before death in a sample of suicides in older people. DESIGN: Descriptive study of a case series of 195 suicides in older people. SETTING: Four counties and one large urban area in central England, UK. SUBJECTS: Individuals 60 years old and over at time of death, who had died between 1 January 1995 and 1 May 1998, and whose deaths has received a coroner's verdict of suicide, or an open or accidental verdict where the circumstances of death indicated probable suicide. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Demographic details and information on mode of death and medical contact prior to death derived from coroners' inquest notes, General Practitioners' (GP) case-notes and psychiatric records. MAIN RESULTS: 67.7% were male. A higher proportion of men than women were single or divorced. The commonest methods of suicide were hanging in men and drug overdose in women, 49.8% had seen their GP in the month before death, although over half these last consultations were for physical complaints. Only 15.4% were under psychiatric care at the time of death. CONCLUSIONS: Older men are at higher risk of suicide than women. Given the high proportion of drug overdoses in the sample, effective strategies to prevent suicide in older people might include improving the prescribing of analgesics and antidepressants. Although older people at risk of suicide often consult their GP shortly before death, GPs may have difficulty identifying those at risk because of the high proportion of physical complaints. Language: en
TL;DR: For suicide statistics to become valid indicators of suicide rates it might be more appropriate to apply the civil, rather than the criminal, standard of proof during inquest proceedings.
Abstract: BACKGROUND This study explored some of the problems associated with current procedures for the ascertainment of suicide.
METHOD A sample of 242 deaths which were known to have been self-inflicted was followed up through the coroners' courts where causes of death were legally established.
RESULTS Verdicts other than suicide were returned on half of the men, and on one-quarter of the women.
CONCLUSIONS For suicide statistics to become valid indicators of suicide rates it might be more appropriate to apply the civil, rather than the criminal, standard of proof during inquest proceedings.