TL;DR: Injection is more practical and rapid, since it causes less disturbance than dry needling and is more cost effective than BTX-A injection, and seems the treatment of choice in MPS.
Abstract: Background: Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is one of the most common causes of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Several methods have been recommended for the inactivation of trigger points (TrP). Objectives: This prospective, single-blind study was proposed to compare TrP injection with botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) to dry needling and lidocaine injection in MPS. Methods: Eighty-seven trigger points (cervical and/or periscapular regions) in 23 female and six male patients with MPS were treated and randomly assigned to three groups: lidocaine injection (n=10, 32 TrP), dry needling (n=10, 33 TrP), and BTX-A injection (n=9, 22 TrP). Outcome measures: Clinical assessment including cervical range of motion, TrP pain pressure threshold (PPT), pain scores (PS), and visual analog scales for pain, fatigue, and work disability were evaluated at entry and the end of the 4th week. Additionally, depression and anxiety were evaluated with the Hamilton depression and anxiety rating scales, and quality of life was assessed using the Nottingham health profile (NHP). The subjects were also asked to describe side effects. Injection procedure: One milliliter of 0.5% lidocaine was administered to each TrP in the lidocaine injection group, 10–20 IU of BTX-A to each TrP in the BTX-A group, and dry needling to each TrP in the last group, followed by stretching of the muscle groups involved. The patients were instructed to continue their home exercise programs. Results: Pain pressure thresholds and PS significantly improved in all three groups. In the lidocaine group, PPT values were significantly higher than in the dry needle group, and PS were significantly lower than in both the BTX-A and dry needle groups. In all, visual analog scores significantly decreased in the lidocaine injection and BTX-A groups and did not significantly change in the dry needle group. Disturbance during the injection procedure was lowest in the lidocaine injection group. Quality of life scores assessed by NHP significantly improved in the lidocaine and BTX-A groups but not in the dry needle group. Depression and anxiety scores significantly improved only in the BTX-A-injected group. Conclusions: Injection is more practical and rapid, since it causes less disturbance than dry needling and is more cost effective than BTX-A injection, and seems the treatment of choice in MPS. On the other hand, BTX-A could be selectively used in MPS patients resistant to conventional treatments.
TL;DR: The utility of IP injection is demonstrated by injecting glucose and monitoring the rise in blood glucose level and its subsequent return to normal and as stress is known to increase blood glucose in teleost fish, a comparison of blood glucose levels in vehicle-injected and non-injection adults is compared and it is shown that the procedure does not cause a significant rise inBlood glucose levels.
Abstract: A convenient method for chemically treating zebrafish is to introduce the reagent into the tank water, where it will be taken up by the fish. However, this method makes it difficult to know how much reagent is absorbed or taken up per fish. Some experimental questions, particularly those related to metabolic studies, may be better addressed by delivering a defined quantity to each fish, based on weight. Here we present a method for intraperitoneal (IP) injection into adult zebrafish. Injection is into the abdominal cavity, posterior to the pelvic girdle. This procedure is adapted from veterinary methods used for larger fish. It is safe, as we have observed zero mortality. Additionally, we have seen bleeding at the injection site in only 5 out of 127 injections, and in each of those cases the bleeding was brief, lasting several seconds, and the quantity of blood lost was small. Success with this procedure requires gentle handling of the fish through several steps including fasting, weighing, anesthetizing, injection, and recovery. Precautions are required to minimize stress throughout the procedure. Our precautions include using a small injection volume and a 35G needle. We use Cortland salt solution as the vehicle, which is osmotically balanced for freshwater fish. Aeration of the gills is maintained during the injection procedure by first bringing the fish into a surgical plane of anesthesia, which allows slow operculum movements, and second, by holding the fish in a trough within a water-saturated sponge during the injection itself. We demonstrate the utility of IP injection by injecting glucose and monitoring the rise in blood glucose level and its subsequent return to normal. As stress is known to increase blood glucose in teleost fish, we compare blood glucose levels in vehicle-injected and non-injected adults and show that the procedure does not cause a significant rise in blood glucose.
TL;DR: In this article, a retrospective analysis of the evolution of ICSI in the centre clearly shows a marked improvement following the introduction of some modifications into the procedure, such as reducing the concentration of hyaluronidase used for cumulus and corona radiata removal, selecting a motile spermatozoon that was immobilized prior to the injection and aspiration of cytoplasm to ensure rupture of the oocyte membrane.
Abstract: Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) as treatment for male-factor infertility has been introduced worldwide in the past few years in many laboratories using assisted reproduction techniques. Some changes in the existing set-up are necessary before implementing this procedure. The equipment can be divided into two groups: that required for preparation of the microtools and that required for the microinjection procedure itself. A pipette puller, grinder and microforge are necessary for preparation of the microtools. The correct settings and use of these instruments are of crucial importance in preparing a good needle, which in turn is crucial to the injection procedure itself. The microscope has to be equipped with a heated stage, correct optics and manipulators and injectors. The correct settings and use of this equipment also influence the injection procedure and may influence the success rate. Retrospective analysis of the evolution of ICSI in our centre clearly shows a marked improvement following the introduction of some modifications into the procedure. These modifications were (i) reducing the concentration of hyaluronidase used for cumulus and corona radiata removal, (ii) selecting a motile spermatozoon that was immobilized prior to the injection and (iii) aspiration of cytoplasm to ensure rupture of the oocyte membrane. The injection procedure itself can also be influenced by oocyte characteristics. It has been reported that the reaction of the oocyte to the penetration by the pipette has an influence on the success rate. The ICSI procedure has about the same success rate as IVF in cases of non-male infertility. However, work can still be done to improve the success rate of this procedure.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report the incidence of endophthalmitis following intravitreal injection using a standardized injection procedure, which did not include the use of topical antibiotics during the days prior to the injection.
TL;DR: An epidural injection simulator for medical training and education that provides the user with realistic feel encountered during an actual procedure and includes a new training feature called "Haptic Guidance" that allows the user to follow a previously recorded expert procedure and feel the encountered forces.
Abstract: Performing epidural injections is a complex task that demands a high level of skill and precision from the physician, since an improperly performed procedure can result in serious complications for the patient The objective of our project is to create an epidural injection simulator for medical training and education that provides the user with realistic feel encountered during an actual procedure We have used a Phantom haptic interface by SensAble Technologies, which is capable of three-dimensional force feedback, to simulate interactions between the needle and bones or tissues An additional degree-of-freedom through an actual syringe was incorporated to simulate the "loss of resistance" effect, commonly considered to be the most reliable method for identifying the epidural space during an injection procedure The simulator also includes a new training feature called "Haptic Guidance" that allows the user to follow a previously recorded expert procedure and feel the encountered forces Evaluations of the simulator by experienced professionals indicate that the simulation system has considerable potential to become a useful aid in medical training