Abstract: The Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology is the first work to map this ever-changing field. It is the most comprehensive, research-based encyclopedia consisting of contributions from over 900 noted researchers in over 50 countries. This five-volume encyclopedia includes more than 550 articles highlighting current concepts, issues and emerging technologies. These articles are enhanced by special attention that is paid to over 4,500 technical and managerial terms. These terms will each have a 5-50 word description that allow the users of this extensive research source to learn the language and terminology of the field. In addition, these volumes offer a thorough reference section with over 11,500 sources of information that can be accessed by scholars, students, and researchers in the field of information science and technology.

Abstract: A central goal of behavioral medicine is the creation of evidence-based interventions for promoting behavior change. Scientific knowledge about behavior change could be more effectively accumulated using "ontologies." In information science, an ontology is a systematic method for articulating a "controlled vocabulary" of agreed-upon terms and their inter-relationships. It involves three core elements: (1) a controlled vocabulary specifying and defining existing classes; (2) specification of the inter-relationships between classes; and (3) codification in a computer-readable format to enable knowledge generation, organization, reuse, integration, and analysis. This paper introduces ontologies, provides a review of current efforts to create ontologies related to behavior change interventions and suggests future work. This paper was written by behavioral medicine and information science experts and was developed in partnership between the Society of Behavioral Medicine's Technology Special Interest Group (SIG) and the Theories and Techniques of Behavior Change Interventions SIG. In recent years significant progress has been made in the foundational work needed to develop ontologies of behavior change. Ontologies of behavior change could facilitate a transformation of behavioral science from a field in which data from different experiments are siloed into one in which data across experiments could be compared and/or integrated. This could facilitate new approaches to hypothesis generation and knowledge discovery in behavioral science.

Abstract: : Originating in science outreach and influenced by social studies of science, science communication is now an established field of graduate education, of empirical and applied studies and of theoretical reflection. The establishment of this field has been marked inter alia by the publication of dedicated journals, reference books and handbooks, and the organisation of regular international conferences and professional networks. The process reflects developments in science-society relations as expressed, for example, in notions of post-academic, post-normal, or mode-2 science, all of which posit the permeability of the previously conceived boundaries, leading to more communication between institutions and between the cultures of science and of institutions and the culture of the wider society. In this article we have selected ten terms that are frequently used in the public, professional and policy discussions about questions of science in society. Keywords : science communication; science in society; lexicon; trends and challenges; conceptual review; keywords

Abstract: Purpose The purpose of the study was to investigate factors promoting innovation and application of internet of things in academic and research information organizations. Design/methodology/approach Quantitative research design involved survey of selected academic and research information organizations in public and private chartered institutions. Information professionals, digital content managers, information systems and technologists that normally consume big data and technological resources were involved in the process of data collection using structured questionnaire and content analysis. Information organizations and information practitioners were selected from public and private academic and research institutions. Findings Innovation of internet of things has increasingly transformed and changed academic and research information organizations as the source of knowledge in addition to expanding access to education, data, information and communication anywhere anytime through hyperconnectivity and networking. Internet of things technologies such as mobile of things, web of things, digital information systems and personal devices are widely applied by digital natives in academic and research information organizations. Mobilization platform and devices is the single biggest provider of data, information and knowledge in academic and research organizations. Modern trends in education and knowledge practices in academic institutions and information organizations depends upon internet of things, digital repositories, electronic books and journals, social media interfaces, multimedia applications, information portal hubs and interactive websites, although challenges regarding inadequate information communication technology infrastructure and social computing facilities still persist. Research limitations/implications Information organizations in public and private chartered academic and research institutions were adopted in the study. Respondents handling and supporting information management, planning and decision-making provided the necessary data. Information professionals, digital content managers, information systems and technologists are proactively involved in data and information analytics. Practical implications Academic and research information organizations are powerhouses that provide knowledge to support research, teaching and learning for sustainable development and the betterment of humanity and society. Innovation of internet of things and associated technologies provides practical aspects of attaining sustainable information development practices in the contemporary knowledge society. Internet of things technologies, principles of economies of scale and investment and customer needs entail that information organizations and practitioners should provide appropriate and smart systems and solutions. Social implications Modern academic and research information organizations have the social corporate responsibility to offer technological innovations to heighten access to knowledge and learning in academic and research institutions. Economically, innovation and application of internet of things provide unlimited access to big data and information in organizations all the time anywhere anytime. Originality/value Data management is a growing phenomenon that information practitioners need to fully understand in the digital economies. Information professionals need to embrace and appreciate innovation and application of internet of things technologies whose role in sustainable development practices is critical in academic and research organizations.

Abstract: Although there is no universal agreement that students should learn programming, many countries have reached a consensus on the need to expose K-12 students to Computational Thinking (CT). When, what and how to teach CT in schools are open questions and we attempt to address them by examining how well students around the world solved problems in recent Bebras challenges. We collected and analyzed performance data on Bebras tasks from 115,400 students in grades 3–12 in seven countries. Our study provides further insight into a range of questions addressed in smaller-scale inquiries, in particular about the possible impact of schools systems and gender on students’ success rate. In addition to analyzing performance data of a large population, we have classified the considered tasks in terms of CT categories, which should account for the learning implications of the challenge. Algorithms and data representation dominate the challenge, accounting for 75–90% of the tasks, while other categories such as abstraction, parallelization and problem decomposition are sometimes represented by one or two questions at various age groups. This classification can be a starting point for using online Bebras tasks to support the effective learning of CT concepts in the classroom.

Abstract: The nature of science (NOS) is a phrase used to represent the rules of the game of science. Arguably, NOS is the most important content issue in science instruction because it helps students understand the way in which knowledge is generated and validated within the scientific enterprise. This article offers a proposal for the elements of NOS that should inform classroom science teaching and learning, including the distinction between law and theory, the shared methods of science, the role of creativity and subjectivity, the idea that scientific knowledge is tentative, long-lasting and self-correcting and the important reality that science has limits.

Abstract: Introduction. This study examines the research methods and techniques used in Spanish journals of library and information science, the topics addressed by papers in these journals and their authorship affiliation. Method. The researchers selected 580 papers published in the top seven Spanish LIS journals indexed in Web of Science and Scopus and conducted a content analysis of 394 of these papers. In each case, the analysis considered: (1) type of paper (research/non-research); (2) authorship (country, sex, number of authors, academic versus professional profile); and (3) the research methods and techniques used and the topic addressed. Results. Sixty-eight per cent of the papers were identified as research papers. These papers used either a quantitative or qualitative approach to the topic and both were well represented, although rarely combined in the same paper (9.6%). The most frequently addressed topics were information sources, metric studies and technologies. Most of the authors were Spanish (78%). Forty-two per cent of the papers had just one author. Conclusions. In terms of the volume of publication and the research methods and techniques most commonly used, library and information science research in Spain does not generally lag behind research in the international sphere. However, there is still room for improvement in experimental research, of which there is very little, and in the internationalisation of authorship.

Abstract: This entry presents an overview of social justice vocabularies, conceptualizations, and philosophies as they are represented in the history of library and information science (LIS) practice and research. Emphasis is placed on theoretical descriptions of both justice and social justice, and how these constructs are historically related to past and emerging trends in the LIS professions, with a main focus on social justice in regard to public library philosophy and practice in the United States. The entry also includes a discussion of information science research as it relates to the needs of disadvantaged populations

Abstract: This paper presents five tools for librarians to use in building effective intercultural communication that reaches out to diverse populations. Librarians can more successfully cross intercultural boundaries if they are aware of the key tenets of intercultural communication and information provision, and then apply the five leadership tools in extending traditional information creation-organization-dissemination processes. The five tools are derived from an extensive literature review and from findings from seminar discussions with library and information science students.

Abstract: Objective The term Health Information Exchange (HIE) is often used in health informatics, yet uncertainties remain about its precise meaning. This study aimed to capture and analyse existing definitions in order to map variations in its use and the concepts associated with it. Methods Systematic literature search to identify published definitions of HIE and equivalent terms such as Clinical Information Exchange. Medline, Web of Science, Library Information Science and Technology Abstracts, EMBASE and CINAHL Plus were searched to identify relevant research, and Google to identify grey literature. Searches were not limited by language or date of publication. In order to warrant inclusion documents had to either define the concept explicitly or do so via a concrete description. Included references were tabulated by author affiliation, source of quote, year of publication, country of origin and definitions and the definitions themselves were analysed thematically. Results Searches revealed 603 scientific articles and 5981 website links. From these, a total of 268 unique definitions of HIE were identified and extracted: 103 from scientific databases and 165 from Google. Eleven constructs emerged from the thematic analysis. Contextual factors influenced the emphasis of the definitions and the framing of HIE as a concept/process, a set of enabling technologies, or an entity/organisation. Conclusions HIE is a complex and evolving concept and uses of the term vary across settings, presenting challenges for communication. Developing a generic term is difficult, given the importance of context, but the authors suggest one covering key attributes of HIE, which may be helpful.

Abstract: There has long been discussion about the distinctions of library science, information science, and informatics, and how these areas differ and overlap with computer science. Today the term data science is emerging that generates excitement and questions about how it relates to and differs from these other areas of study. For our purposes here, I consider information science to be the general term that subsumes library science and informatics and focuses on distinctions and similarities among these disciplines that each informs data science. At the most general levels, information science deals with the genesis, flow, use, and preservation of information; computer science deals with algorithms and techniques for computational processes. Data science as a concept emerges from the applications of existing studies of measurement, representation, interpretation, and management to problems in Citation: Gary Marchionini (2016). Information Science Roles in the Emerging Field of Data Science. Received: Mar. 10, 2016 Accepted: Mar. 22, 2016

Abstract: This study attempts to describe, in a comparative way, scientific collaboration and co-authoring activities and understanding of Brazilian researchers of productivity level 1 at the National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq). In order to do so, a questionnaire was sent to the researchers of productivity level 1 at CNPq in the Mathematics, Dentistry and Information Science fields, with questions about scientific collaboration and co-authoring activities. We analyzed the scientific production of the researchers who answered the questionnaire and we have identified that 78% of the participants consider that scientific collaboration and co-authorship are different activities, and the potential and usual number of research collaborators is between 2 and 3 in Mathematics and Information Science, and between 5 and 6 collaborators in Dentistry. Differences among fields were pointed out by identifying main collaborators and co-authors. The reasons for collaborating vary according to the nature of the research, however, the percentages are high in these three areas: “training of researchers and students”, “desire to increase their own experience through the experience of others” and “increased productivity.” From the analysis of the scientific production declared in their Lattes Curriculum, we have found that the average number of authors per publication in the field of Information Science is 2.2 authors, in Mathematics is 2.8 authors per publication, and in Dentistry the average is 5.3 authors per publication. We have concluded that scientific collaboration and co-authorship are terms assigned to different activities for the analyzed fields.

Abstract: Knowledge is the most important factor of production, next to labor, land and capital. It is about managing and sharing knowledge for the development of an organization. In the competitive business world, knowledge management (KM) has become more essential for the sustainable development of organizations. In the 21st century knowledge and KM become the most professional element in many fields of knowledge, such as, education, cognitive science, health, sociology, management science, information science, computer science, information and technology, economics, philosophy, psychology, knowledge engineering, artificial intelligence and all branches of business. Through the application of successful KM, organizations can improve their effectiveness and can gain competitive advantage. KM helps in the decision making process for the benefit of a company. It leads to higher efficiency in terms of less duplication of work, followed by notably better performance, enhancing new staffs’ capabilities and better quality decisions. The paper discusses the fundamentals and the importance of KM for professionals, users and technology experts. This article also examines the concepts of knowledge and KM in organizations. The major challenges and barriers for implementation of KM in organizations are discussed in some details. Additionally, the paper discusses the proficiencies, responsibilities, profiles and the roles of a knowledge manager. An attempt has been taken here to enhance knowledge related efficiencies in any organization.

Abstract: Abstract: Extensive media coverage has focused attention on the disproportionate frequency and severity of police use of force against black communities in the United States. Video documentation captured by public officials and private citizens aided by the ubiquity of cell phones has made this violence inescapable, enabling conversations of system-wide problems within a mainstream context. Video documentation has been posed as a means of increasing transparency on the part of police and the district attorneys tasked with the decision of whether or not a police shooting requires the indictment of an officer. This documentation is also simultaneously posed as a check against the unmitigated authority of officer testimony, as a financial windfall for companies selling the technology, and as the ultimate exoneration for police officers attempting to justify their decisions in the field. These concurrent rhetorical registers operate in different domains and rarely overlap. The enormous amount of attention that has been focused on body-camera programs belies a techno-utopian impulse, an investment in a technological fix to complex and interlocking historical and socio-political realities. With this attention, funding has followed, pre-existing body-camera programs have been extended, and pilot programs have launched, presenting new challenges for police departments whose resources cannot meet the fiscal demands of a dramatic technological shift in a short period of time. Similarly, policies and laws regarding these devices themselves as well as the footage they capture have been sluggish to coalesce around coherent principles. This paper examines the emergent markets, policies, and laws governing the footage captured by police-worn body cameras in the United States and employs this footage as a way to reckon with complex ethical issues for information professionals.

Abstract: Purpose The purpose of this paper is to introduce the concept of social relevance assessments, which are judgments made by individuals when they seek out information within virtual social worlds such as online support groups (OSGs). Design/methodology/approach Constructivist grounded theory was employed to examine the phenomenon of information exchange in OSGs for chronic kidney disease. In-depth interviews were conducted with 12 participants, and their posts in three OSGs were also harvested. Data were analyzed using inductive content analysis and the constant comparative method. Theoretical sampling was conducted until saturation was reached. Member checking, peer debriefing, and triangulation were used to verify results. Findings There are two levels of relevance assessment that occur when people seek out information in OSGs. First, participants evaluate the OSG to determine whether or not the group is an appropriate place for information exchange about kidney disease. Second, participants evaluate individual users on the OSG to see if they are appropriate people with whom to exchange information. This often takes the form of similarity assessment, whereby people try to determine whether or not they are similar to specific individuals on the forums. They use a variety of heuristics to assess similarity as part of this process. Originality/value This paper extends the author’s understanding of relevance in information science in two fundamental ways. Within the context of social information exchange, relevance is socially constructed and is based on social characteristics, such as age, shared beliefs, and experience. Moreover, relevance is assessed both when participants seek out information and when they disclose information, suggesting that the conception of relevance as a process that occurs primarily during information seeking is limited.

Abstract: Purpose Scholars in information science have recently become interested in “information experience,” but it remains largely unclear why this research is important and how it fits within the broader disciplinary structure of information science. The purpose of this paper is to clarify this issue. Design/methodology/approach The discussion unfolds in the form of a philosophical dialogue between the Epistemologist, who represents the traditional and majority epistemological viewpoint of information science, and the Aestheticist, representing the emerging paradigm of experiential information inquiry. Findings A framework emerges that recognizes dual conceptualizations of truth (veritas and aletheia) and consequently information and knowledge (gnostic and pathic). The epistemic aim of understanding is revealed as the common ground between epistemology and aesthetics. Originality/value The value of studying human experiences of information is grounded in work spanning philosophy, psychology and a number of social science methodologies, and it is contextualized within information science generally. Moreover, the dialogic format of this paper presents an opportunity for disciplinary self-reflection and offers a touch of heart to the field.

Abstract: It is an honour to present the program for the second ACM SIGIR Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval (CHIIR 2017), held in Oslo, Norway from March 7 to March 11, 2017. CHIIR offers the opportunity to present and discuss research on user-centered approachesto information retrieval, information access and information interaction, including studies of interactive systems, searcher behaviour, novel interaction paradigms, interface design, new evaluation methods, and a range of related areas. CHIIR is an interdisciplinary event in which researchers, students and practitioners working across several areas, including information retrieval, information science and human computer interaction, come together to think creatively about the challenges and opportunities afforded by digital information systems. Welcome to all the CHIIR-ists joining us this year! The CHIIR 2017 program consists of Full Papers (10 pages), Perspectives Papers (10 pages) and Short Papers (4 pages). We received a total of 112 submissions: 48 Full Papers, 9 Perspectives Papers and 55 Short Papers. Of these, we accepted 19 Full Papers (40%), 5 Perspectives Papers (56%) and 36 Short Papers (65%). We also accepted one Full Paper as a Short Paper. We were pleased to receive so many strong Perspectives Papers, which are meant to present novel ideas or insights, and we hope these will inspire some great discussions. Each Full and Perspectives paper is allocated a 30-minute presentation slot in the program. Short papers are presented as posters during a special evening session, beginning with a short boaster presentation. In addition to contributed papers, the CHIIR program features three keynote talks by prominent academic and industry researchers, representing the breadth of interests in the CHIIR community: Norbert Fuhr (University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany), Ann Blandford (University College London, UK) and Hakon Wium Lie (Opera Software, Norway). In addition to these speakers and the main conference program, CHIIR features a Doctoral Consortium, two Tutorials, and three Workshops. We would like to acknowledge the excellent work of the Organizing Committee, including the Doctoral Consortium Chair, Katriina Bystrom (Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Norway); the Workshops and Tutorials Chair, Preben Hansen (Stockholm University, Sweden), and the Proceedings Chair, Sampath Jayarathna (California State Polytechnic University Pomona, USA). The paper reviewing and selection process was enabled by an outstanding 12 member Senior Program Committee and a diverse and international general Program Committee consisting of 77 members. Our thanks and the credits for creating a high quality technical program go to them.

Abstract: The Trilogy of Science: Filling the Knowledge Management Gap With Knowledge Science and Theory by Anthony Shawn Bates MSSI, American Military University, 2009 MBA, Chancellor University, 2006 BA, University of Toledo, 2004 AAB, University of Toledo, 2002 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Applied Management & Decision Science Walden University July 2017 Abstract The international knowledge management field has different ways of investigating, developing, believing, and studying knowledge management. Knowledge management (KM) is distinguished deductively by know-how, and its intangible nature establishes different approaches to KM concepts, practices, and developments. Exploratory research and theoretical principles have formed functional intelligences from 1896 to 2013, leading to a knowledge management knowledge science (KMKS) concept that derived a grounded theory of knowledge activity (KAT). This study addressed the impact of knowledge production problems on KM practice. The purpose of this qualitative metaanalysis study was to fit KM practice within the framework of knowledge science (KS) study. Themed questions and research variables focused on field mechanisms, operative functions, principle theory, and relationships of KMKS. The action research used by American practitioners has not established a formal structure for KS. The meta-dataanalysis examined 385 transdisciplinary peer-reviewed articles using social science, service science, and systems science databases, with a selection of interdisciplinary studies that had a practice-research-theory framework. Key attributes utilizing BooleanThe international knowledge management field has different ways of investigating, developing, believing, and studying knowledge management. Knowledge management (KM) is distinguished deductively by know-how, and its intangible nature establishes different approaches to KM concepts, practices, and developments. Exploratory research and theoretical principles have formed functional intelligences from 1896 to 2013, leading to a knowledge management knowledge science (KMKS) concept that derived a grounded theory of knowledge activity (KAT). This study addressed the impact of knowledge production problems on KM practice. The purpose of this qualitative metaanalysis study was to fit KM practice within the framework of knowledge science (KS) study. Themed questions and research variables focused on field mechanisms, operative functions, principle theory, and relationships of KMKS. The action research used by American practitioners has not established a formal structure for KS. The meta-dataanalysis examined 385 transdisciplinary peer-reviewed articles using social science, service science, and systems science databases, with a selection of interdisciplinary studies that had a practice-research-theory framework. Key attributes utilizing Boolean limiters, words, phrases and publication dates, along with triangulation, language analysis and coding through analytic software identified commonalities of the data under study. Findings reflect that KM has not become a theoretically saturated field. KS as the forensic science of KM creates a paradigm shift, causes social change that averts rapid shifts in management direction and uncertainty, and connects KM philosophy and science of knowledge. These findings have social change implications by informing the work of managers and academics to generate a methodical applied science. The Trilogy of Science: Filling the Knowledge Management Gap With Knowledge Science and Theory by Anthony Shawn Bates MSSI, American Military University, 2009 MBA, Chancellor University, 2006 BA, University of Toledo, 2004 AAB, University of Toledo, 2002 MBE, Anercomp, 2003 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Applied Management & Decision Science Walden University July 2017 Dedication To my Father William Thomas Bates, Sr. (deceased) who heartened my education journey To my Mother Clementine Bates-Warren who provided her love, encouragement, and support Acknowledgements Dr. Judith Forbes, Walden University Dr. Michelle Spain, Walsh University Dr. Joyce Johnson, Dynamic Solutions of Atlanta Damian Woods, Telepictures Rico Williams, RAN Temps AND Syndicated Production, Inc. and Time Warner Bros. NET-TECH Communications Cuyahoga County Veteran Service Commission Table of

Abstract: This study reports on the findings from Part 2 of a small-scale analysis of requirements for real-world data science positions and examines three further data science roles: data analyst, data engineer and data journalist. The study examines recent job descriptions and maps their requirements to the current curriculum within the graduate MLIS and Information Science and Technology Masters Programs in the School of Information Sciences (iSchool) at the University of Pittsburgh. From this mapping exercise, model ‘course pathways’ and module ‘stepping stones’ have been identified, as well as course topic gaps and opportunities for collaboration with other Schools. Competency in four specific tools or technologies was required by all three roles (Microsoft Excel, R, Python and SQL), as well as collaborative skills (with both teams of colleagues and with clients). The ability to connect the educational curriculum with real-world positions is viewed as further validation of the translational approach being developed as a foundational principle of the current MLIS curriculum review process

Abstract: Introduction. Opinion mining has been receiving increasing attention from a broad range of scientific communities since early 2000s. The present study aims to systematically investigate the intellectual structure of opinion mining research. Method. Using topic search, citation expansion, and patent search, we collected 5,596 bibliographic records of opinion mining research. Then, intellectual landscapes, emerging trends, and recent developments were identified. We also captured domain-level citation trends, subject category assignment, keyword co-occurrence, document co-citation network, and landmark articles. Analysis. Our study was guided by scientometric approaches implemented in CiteSpace, a visual analytic system based on networks of co-cited documents. We also employed a dual-map overlay technique to investigate epistemological characteristics of the domain. Results. We found that the investigation of algorithmic and linguistic aspects of opinion mining has been of the community’s greatest interest to understand, quantify, and apply the sentiment orientation of texts. Recent thematic trends reveal that practical applications of opinion mining such as the prediction of market value and investigation of social aspects of product feedback have received increasing attention from the community. Conclusion. Opinion mining is fast-growing and still developing, exploring the refinements of related techniques and applications in a variety of domains. We plan to apply the proposed analytics to more diverse domains and comprehensive publication materials to gain more generalized understanding of the true structure of a science.

Abstract: Patents and relevant topics are gaining momentum in economic analysis and scientific research with the rapid global intellectual property filings growth. However, a corresponding increase seems to be unspectacular in patent research publications, especially under the category of information science and library science. This paper provided a retrospect to the existing studies on patents collected from web of science and emphatically characterized the current situation through performing a series of bibliometric analysis. Prominent authors and institutions from mainland China, Taiwan and Belgium have carried out various studies on patent separately or jointly. Topics involved in 884 journal papers are reclassified from perspectives of the development, application and analysis of patents based on the results of keyword co-occurrence and typical publications in each stage. The final, but the novel part of this study was a sentence-by-sentence analysis of conclusive and citing ideas of recent publications, for tracing problems and potential researchable topics and indicating that patent research still has more spaces to move up.

Abstract: Knowledge is the most important factor of production, next to labor, land and capital. It is about managing and sharing knowledge for the development of an organization. In the competitive business world, knowledge management (KM) has become more essential for the sustainable development of organizations. In the 21st century knowledge and KM become the most professional element in many fields of knowledge, such as, education, cognitive science, health, sociology, management science, information science, computer science, information and technology, economics, philosophy, psychology, knowledge engineering, artificial intelligence and all branches of business. Through the application of successful KM, organizations can improve their effectiveness and can gain competitive advantage. KM helps in the decision making process for the benefit of a company. It leads to higher efficiency in terms of less duplication of work, followed by notably better performance, enhancing new staffs’ capabilities and better quality decisions. The paper discusses the fundamentals and the importance of KM for professionals, users and technology experts. This article also examines the concepts of knowledge and KM in organizations. The major challenges and barriers for implementation of KM in organizations are discussed in some details. Additionally, the paper discusses the proficiencies, responsibilities, profiles and the roles of a knowledge manager. An attempt has been taken here to enhance knowledge related efficiencies in any organization.