Abstract: Determinants of performance of systems and processes for planning and decision support are discussed. This paper is directed at people who design such systems and processes, who use such systems and processes, and who manage organizations in which these may be used. The literature cited is associated with several areas including psychology, organizational behavior and design, information science, management science, computer science, and related disciplines. Performance determinants and design requirements for systems and processes for planning and decision support are especially stressed. A number of areas where additional research appears needed are mentioned, and some recommendations and interpretations are given concerning both contemporary efforts and needed future efforts.

Abstract: A co-citation cluster analysis of a three year (1975–1977) cumulation of the Social Sciences Citation Index is described, and clusters of information science documents contained in this data-base are identified using a journal subset concentration measure. The internal structure of the information science clusters is analyzed in terms of co-citations among clusters, and external linkages to fields outside information science are explored. It is shown that clusters identified by the journal concentration method also cohere in a natural way through cluster co-citation. Conclusions are drawn regarding the relationship of information science to the social sciences, and suggestions are made on how these data might be used in planning an agenda for research in the field.

Abstract: The arguments of Parts I-III are applied to two main issues: (a) the separation of the physical and mental compo nents of information phenomena, illustrated by a discussion of the ageing of periodicals, (b) the role of the Bradford Law and ranking techniques as a means of exploiting all the infor mation inherent in the raw data. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of a proposed new kind of data-base in which objective information is structured into objective knowledge.

Abstract: Less developed countries (LDCs) need appropriate information technology to support indigenous scientific and technical activities. The importance of information to scientific and technical achievement has already been recognized. Still lacking is a systematic approach to information technology transfer which considers the specific socioeconomic conditions of the recipient country. The author suggests adaptation of general systems methodology to the design of technology transfer mechanisms. Prior research is required into areas such as the determination of levels and interaction of socioeconomic conditions and the information infrastructure.

Abstract: On knowledge and information psychological aspects of information information storage and transmission in society the storage and retrieval of information in society the social organization of knowledge ethical and professional aspects of information.

Abstract: This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Library and Information Science at Digital Commons@Wayne State University.It has been accepted for inclusion in School of Library and Information Science Faculty Research Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Wayne State University. For more information, please contactdp5745@wayne.edu.

Abstract: The empirical import of Shannon's Information Theory and its impact on information science are discussed. It is argued that extension of the scope of Information Theory as well as development of new theories of information science presupposes better understanding of relevant empirical regularities and laws. Possibilities of broadening the empirical foundation of Information Theory by introduction of appropriate least effort criteria are discussed.

Abstract: NON-VON is a highly parallel machine designed to support the efficient implementation of very large scale knowledge-based systems. The utility of such a machine has been demonstrated analytically [1, 2] and through implementation of a working knowledge-based information retrieval system in which the NON-VON machine instructions were emulated in software [3]. In cooperation with the Stanford Computer Science Department, we have recently begun to implement the most important components of the machine as custom VLSI circuits.

Abstract: McGown and Spencer (1980) suggested that constructlon of tests for introductory statistics is facilitated if data sets have means and standard deviations that are integers They presented several sets for samples of n = 5, 6. and 7. It is fairly easy to devise data sets with integer means and standard deviations for larger samples One advantage of data sets wlth larger n's 1s that they look realistic when plotted as histograms or frequency polygons Such frequency distributions are also typical of tabulations where data have been grouped into class intervals for computational purposes. The procedure is to devise several sets with unit variance and zero mean. and then any combination of these also results in another set with unit variance and zero mean. A set with any desired mean (MT) and standard dev~ation(s) can be achieved by employing the transformation T = s(x) + MT; where T represents the reported measures or scores. Table 1

Abstract: This perspective on information storage and display reviews the latest technologies and then, taking a broader view, discusses the current understanding of access schemes and cognitive processing to argue the thesis that over the next decade information science will concentrate less on the new tools and more on how they can or should be used for “storage and display.” Teletext, viewdata, interactive graphics, video disc, audio synthesis, and holography are discussed. Visual mnemonics, tree structures, indexing, and scanning are considered as technology-independent access schemes. The limits on comprehension of variables and symbol processing as well as the functions of the bicameral brain are discussed generally in order to demonstrate that, while information storage capacities expand at a logarithmic rate, the capacities of the ultimate user remain biologically fixed. Storage and display is the man/machine interface; it has not kept pace with technology, and continued inattention to this area will present real and significant risks.

Abstract: Law, mission, and information management practices inhibit access to computerized administrative records produced by state government. Research use or secondary analysis is not on the agenda of the agency administrator. Computerized records are not routinely maintained or preserved. Records managers and archivists for public records do not participate in decisions about retaining or destroying computerized records. These findings emerged from a recently completed cooperative study conducted by the University of Wisconsin-Madison and the State Historical Society of Wisconsin on the impact of automation on state agency records keeping practices. In addition, changes in rules for access, computer-based technologies, pressures to maintain routine administration in the face of high turnover in data processing staffs, reduced budgets, and legislation to reduce paperwork pose a threat to the retention of administrative records. This article discusses the implications of the findings and trends, provides examples of data delivery failures, and recommends changes in law and administrative behavior. The authors conclude that the social scientist has a role to play in assisting government agencies in improving access to computerized administrative records.

Abstract: It is important that all those involved with education and training for online searching are aware of the teaching aids which have been produced and are used. This paper aims to provide some of this information by describing primarily aids which have been developed and are used within the UK schools of librarianship and information science; however aids which are used by other organisations in various parts of the world have also been included.

Abstract: Four simulations of online services have been produced by students of the Department of Information Studies, University of Sheffield; FOSSILS, a simulation of Lockheed Dialog; BLAISERS, a simulation of BLAISE MARC information retrieval, editing MUTE, a simulation of BLAISE MEDLINE, and SSDC, a simulation of SDC. These have proved valuable in teaching use of a keyboard, basic commands and more advanced techniques. Written in BASIC, the programs have been transferred successfully to a wide range of computers including microcomputers, in several countries.

Abstract: The problem of modelling information systems is studied with focus on predictability. Predictability presupposes discovery and knowledge of empirical laws and theories, which are in the domain of information science. Discovery of such laws and theories goes hand in hand with the development of the capability to measure important variables in that domain. The state-of-the-art of predictive modelling is discussed with respect to syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic criteria, emphasizing the need for concentrated effort in further development of the empirical foundation of information science.

Abstract: In the past few decades the volume of scientific information has doubled every eight to ten years. The explosion caused by this growth entails certain changes in scientific activities and in the methods of dealing with the new information and mastering it. Many countries have set up scientific information centres to accumulate, classify and process information for circulation among consumers. There is a rapidly expanding network of terminals in libraries and scientific institutions, which are connected with storage banks for the respective fields. The information explosion has influenced the nature of education: the content of curricula, textbooks, teaching aids and teaching methods in present-day schools. Some writers have predicted that schools will simply 'die out', while others, on the contrary, have demanded that teaching be greatly intensified to catch up with the rapidly changing information, that the number of years of schooling be extended, that teaching be completely automatized, etc. Soviet didactics, rejecting both these extremes, undertook a systematic solution of the new problem. First and foremost, Soviet teachers were determined to improve the content of the curricula and textbooks so as to ensure that they more fully reflect modern tendencies of development in all fields of scientific knowledge and that they give schoolchildren a better, more complete and up-to-date idea of new scientific information. All curricula were modernized to include the latest achievements, yet to remain understandable to the average schoolchild. The following criteria were applied: An integral solution to the task of shaping a comprehensively developed personality. The authors of the various curricula strove to include all the theories, laws and concepts that give an integral

Abstract: Results are reported of a preliminary investigation into the coverage of library and Information science periodicals, from developing countries, by five major abstracting/indexing services. Periodicals identified in the study are listed together with their coverage by Bulletin Signaletique, Information Science Abstracts, Library and Information Science Abstracts. Library Literature and Referativnyi Zhurnal. Informatics Abstracts. The study was commissioned by the IFLA Round Table of Editors of Library Journals and presented at the 46th IFLA General Conference in 1980. Further results will be published by IFLA at a later date.

Abstract: In a project at the University of Maryland researchers are involved in determining the cognitive styles of information professionals and relating cognitive style to task performance. Cognitive style is a characteristic and pervasive mode of functioning in both perceptual and intellectual activities. This paper discusses the concept of cognitive style and indicates its usefulness as a means of analyzing problem-solving or decision-making behavior. It describes some cognitive style dimensions and models which seem useful for analyzing information science professionals and discusses the implications of this research for professional education in librar) and information science. The paper emphasizes the McKenney-Keen model developed at the Harvard Business School. The appropriateness of this model for describing the cognitive style of information science professionals is being tested in the Maryland project.