TL;DR: In this paper, the development of radiometric dating is discussed and a framework for stratigraphic framework and terminology is presented. But this framework is not suitable for the application of radiocarbon dating in geochronology.
Abstract: Preface. 1 Introduction to Quaternary Dating. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 The development of Quaternary dating. 1.3 Precision and accuracy in dating. 1.4 Atomic structure, radioactivity and radiometric dating. 1.5 The Quaternary: stratigraphic framework and terminology. 1.6 The scope and content of the book. Notes. 2 Radiometric Dating 1: Radiocarbon Dating. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Basic principles. 2.3 Radiocarbon measurement. 2.4 Sources of error in radiocarbon dating. 2.5 Some problematic dating materials. 2.6 Calibration of the radiocarbon timescale. 2.7 Applications of radiocarbon dating. Notes. 3 Radiometric Dating 2: Dating using Long-lived and Short-lived Isotopes. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Potassium argon and Argon argon dating. 3.3 Uranium series dating. 3.4 Cosmogenic nuclide dating. 3.5 Dating using short-lived isotopes. Notes. 4 Radiometric Dating 3: Radiation Exposure Dating. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Luminescence dating. 4.3 Electron spin resonance dating. 4.4 Fission track dating. Notes. 5 Dating using Annually-Banded Records 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Dendrochronology. 5.3 Varve chronology. 5.4 Lichenometry. 5.5 Annual layers in glacier ice. 5.6 Other media dated by annual banding. Notes. 6 Relative Dating Methods. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Rock surface weathering. 6.3 Obsidian hydration dating. 6.4 Pedogenesis. 6.5 Relative dating of fossil bone. 6.6 Amino-acid geochronology. Notes. 7 Techniques for Establishing Age Equivalence. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Oxygen isotope chronstratigraphy. 7.3 Tephrochronology. 7.4 Palaeomagnetism. 7.5 Palaeosols. Notes. 8 Dating the future 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Radiometric dating. 8.3 Annually-banded records. 8.4 Age Equivalence. 8.5 Biomolecular dating. Notes. References. Index.
TL;DR: In this article, a multidisciplinary approach is proposed to establish a varve chronology, which can be applied to precisely date events like volcanic ash layers, earthquakes or human impact, as well as short and long-term climate (temperature, precipitation, wind, hydroclimatic conditions or flooding) and environmental changes (eutrophication, pollution).
TL;DR: In this article, the applicability of different methods for determining landslide chronologies, frequencies and dynamics in relation to the type of material being dated, sampling location and type of mass movement is discussed.
TL;DR: The authors presents and discusses radiocarbon age determinations for late and postglacial peat, wood, charcoal, and other organic material chiefly from North American localities but including peats and lake muds from Great Britain, Denmark, and Germany.
Abstract: Presents and discusses radiocarbon age determinations for late and postglacial peat, wood, charcoal, and other organic material chiefly from North American localities but including peats and lake muds from Great Britain, Denmark, and Germany.
TL;DR: Varved lake sediments are composed of laminations with contrasting color and composition as clastic, biogenic, and evaporitic lacustrine sediments, depending on the overall climatic conditions.
Abstract: Varved or annually laminated lake sediments offer an incremental dating technique that also provides high-resolution climatic and environmental data and information about related forcing mechanisms. The first definition of varves by De Geer (1912) was restricted to rhythmically deposited proglacial clays. A century later the meaning was extended to include all annually laminated sediments deposited on continents and in the ocean.
Varves are formed under favorable basin configurations due to the pronounced seasonal climatic forcing that controls all processes in the lake’s water column and in the catchment area. In addition to their formation, the preservation of varves is important, as bioturbation often destroys all seasonal laminas. Varved lake sediments are composed of laminations with contrasting color and composition as clastic, biogenic, and evaporitic lacustrine sediments, depending on the overall climatic conditions.
To establish a varve chronology, the annual character of laminations needs to be verified and possible sources of error have to be determined. The latter can best be achieved by applying the multiple dating approach. If the time frame is eventually assured, such annually laminated sediment archives provide a wealth of information and can be exploited by interdisciplinary multiproxy investigations.