Topic
Incense
About: Incense is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1628 publications have been published within this topic receiving 6556 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
1 / 2
Papers
TL;DR: In Asian countries where the Buddhism and Taoism are mainstream religions, incense burning is a daily practice and people should reduce the exposure time when they worship at the temple with heavy incense smokes, and ventilate their house when they burn incense at home.
Abstract: In Asian countries where the Buddhism and Taoism are mainstream religions, incense burning is a daily practice. A typical composition of stick incense consists of 21% (by weight) of herbal and wood powder, 35% of fragrance material, 11% of adhesive powder, and 33% of bamboo stick. Incense smoke (fumes) contains particulate matter (PM), gas products and many organic compounds. On average, incense burning produces particulates greater than 45 mg/g burned as compared to 10 mg/g burned for cigarettes. The gas products from burning incense include CO, CO2, NO2, SO2, and others. Incense burning also produces volatile organic compounds, such as benzene, toluene, and xylenes, as well as aldehydes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The air pollution in and around various temples has been documented to have harmful effects on health. When incense smoke pollutants are inhaled, they cause respiratory system dysfunction. Incense smoke is a risk factor for elevated cord blood IgE levels and has been indicated to cause allergic contact dermatitis. Incense smoke also has been associated with neoplasm and extracts of particulate matter from incense smoke are found to be mutagenic in the Ames Salmonella test with TA98 and activation. In order to prevent airway disease and other health problem, it is advisable that people should reduce the exposure time when they worship at the temple with heavy incense smokes, and ventilate their house when they burn incense at home.
238 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the emissions of air pollutants from incense burning in a large environmental test chamber were compared, and the results indicated that the concentrations of benzene, toluene, methyl chloride and methylene chloride significantly increased with the burning of all incense tested.
195 citations
1 Dec 1992
TL;DR: The Incense Burner - Communication and Deference Taoism and its Clients Ang Gong, or the Truth of Puppets as mentioned in this paper, is a symbol of the truth of puppets.
Abstract: History, Identification and Belief The Annual Apocalypse Offical and Local Cults Local Festivals and Their Cults The Incense Burner - Communication and Deference Taoism and its Clients Ang Gong, or the Truth of Puppets.
110 citations
TL;DR: The data demonstrate for the first time the capacity of incense smoke to induce CYP1 family enzymes in the target and non-target tissues.
Abstract: Incense smoke is increasingly being recognized as a potential environmental contaminant and is linked to malignant and non-malignant respiratory diseases. The detoxification of environmental contaminants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) involves the induction of cytochrome P-450 family enzymes (CYPs) by PAHs. However, the detoxification of PAHs also results in the generation of reactive and unstable intermediary metabolites which are implicated in the oxidative stress, DNA damage, and inflammation. It is unclear whether CYPs are similarly induced by incense smoke, which incidentally contains substantial amounts of PAHs. Here, we examined the impact of long-term incense smoke exposure on the induction of CYPs in male Wister Albino rats. Incense smoke exposure significantly induced the expression of CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1 mRNAs in both lung and liver tissues. The extent of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 induction was significantly higher in the liver compared to that in the lung, while that of CYP1A2 was greater in the lung than in liver. Incense smoke exposure also increased malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione levels in lung and liver tissues, and the catalase activity in the liver tissues to significant levels. Furthermore incense smoke exposure led to a marked increase in TNF-α and IL-4 levels. The data demonstrate for the first time the capacity of incense smoke to induce CYP1 family enzymes in the target and non-target tissues. Induction of CYPs increased oxidative stress and inflammation appear to be intimately linked to promote the carcinogenesis and health complications in people chronically exposed to incense smoke.
106 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the emission factors of PM 2.5 and its chemical constituents emitted from six different brands of incense sticks were determined, and the results showed that the amount of metals emitted is highly dependent on the quantity of metals present in the incense stick.
103 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 34 |
| 2024 | 67 |
| 2023 | 104 |
| 2022 | 125 |
| 2021 | 35 |
| 2020 | 84 |