Immunochemistry

Abstract: Immunochemistry in practice , Immunochemistry in practice , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی

Abstract: INTRODUCION................................................................ 193 STUDIES ON 0 ANTIGENS...................................................... 196 Isolation and Properties of O-Specific Preparations from Bacteria.................. 196 Trichloroacetic acid extraction of the whole \"Boivin\" antigen.................... 196 Extraction of lipopolysaccharides with phenol-water, aqueous ether, and similar methods.................................................. ............. 196 Extraction ofpolysaccharides with sodium hydroxide: alkali polysaccharide ...... 197 Extraction ofpolysaccharide by acetic acid: degraded Freeman polysaccharide...... 197 Physical and biological properties of 0-specific preparations..................... 197 Sugar Constituents of the Specific Polysaccharides.............................. 198 6-Deoxyhexoses........................................................... 199 3, 6-Dideoxyhexoses ...................................................... 199 Heptoses................................................................. 200 Hexosamines.............................................................. 200 Ribose.................................................................. 200 2-Keto-3-deoxy-octonate (KDO)............................................. 200 0-phosphorylethanolamine.................................................. 201 Sugar Composition ofSpecific Polysaccharides.................................. 201 Structure of the O-Specific Side Chain.......................................... 204 Salmonella ofgroup DI ................. .................................... 204 Salmonella ofgroup B ............... ...................................... 205 Salmonella ofgroups E1 (3, 10), E2 (3, 15), E3 (3, 15, 34), and E4 (1, 3, 19) ......... 206 Salmonella of groups G (13, 22), N (30), and U (43) ...... .................... 206 Structure of 0 Factors in Specific Polysaccharides.............................. 206 Role of 3,6-dideoxyhexoses: 0 factors 2, 4, 8, 9, 35, 50........................ 207 Artificial antigens......................................................... 209 Factor 5................................................................. 209 Factors 1, 112, 19, 37....................................................... 210 Factors 3, 10, 15, and 34 .............. ..................................... 211 Factor 12........... .. .. ... .. ... .. ... ............................ 212 Location of the factors on the chain........................................ 212 Biochemical and Genetic Basis of Changes in Specificity After Phage Conversion .... 214 Appearance offactor 1..................................................... 215 Conversions in group E..................................................... 216 Appearance of factors 27A, 27B, and 27D in groups A, B, and D after conversion byphage27............................................................ 216 STUDIES ON R ANTIGENS...................................................... 219 Preparation and Composition of R (Lipo)polysaccharides........................ 221 R Mutants ofChemotype Ra (Serotype R II Mutants) ...... ...................... 221 Chemical structure ........................................................ 223 Enzymatic defects......................................................... 225 R Mutants of Chemotype Rb (Serotype R I Mutants)............................. 227 Serology.................................................................. 227 Chemical structure ........................................................ 227 Enzymatic defects......................................................... 227 0-specific polysaccharide hapten ofR I mutants ....... ......................... 228 R Mutants ofChemotype Rc (M Mutants) ........ .............................. 228 Enzymatic defects and biochemical properties.................................. 228 Chemical analysis ofchemotype Rc lipopolysaccharides......................... 229 Accumulation ofnucleoside diphospho sugars in M mutants...................... 229 R Mutants of Chemotype Rd.................................................. 230 R Mutants of Chemotype Re.................................................. 230 Salmonella T Forms......................................................... 231 Semirough Forms ........... ................................................ 231 Genetics ofR Mutants ...................................................... 232

Abstract: THE recent isolation of human growth hormone from pituitary glands collected at autopsy has been of major importance in the investigation of human pituitary physiology.1 , 2 Metabolic studies have confirmed the remarkable anabolic and growth-promoting actions of this hormone in man,3 , 4 in contrast to the negative or equivocal clinical results previously observed with bovine growth hormone. The unusually high species specificity of human growth hormone has been further demonstrated by immunologic studies, in which antigenic similarity and biologic effectiveness have closely paralleled one another among various mammalian species.5 An assay taking advantage of immunologic specificity was first reported by Read and . . .