TL;DR: From a laboratory-determined relationship between gut fullness and feeding rate, feeding rate in the field was estimated to be high and there were no significant differences in these measures between ammocoetes collected from the Upper Peninsula and those collected throughout the Great Lakes basin.
Abstract: Larval sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) and northern brook lamprey (Ichthyomyzon fossor) were collected monthly from three streams in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan from May 1992 through May 1993 and larval sea lampreys were collected during summer months from sites throughout the Great Lakes basin. Organic detritus made up most of the diet ash-free-dry-mass (AFDM) throughout the year, averaging 97.79%, with algae (2.12%) and bacteria (0.09%) making up the remainder of the diet AFDM. Assimilation efficiency for AFDM averaged 72% during warmer months and 53% during cooler months (annual mean = 61%). Gut fullness (amount of AFDM in the anterior one-tenth of the intestine) was low (mean = 0.10 mg diet AFDM∙g−1 ammocoete). There were no significant differences in these measures between ammocoetes collected from the Upper Peninsula and those collected throughout the Great Lakes basin. From a laboratory-determined relationship between gut fullness and feeding rate, feeding rate in the field was estimated to be...
TL;DR: Relationships among the 18 extant species of parasitic lamprey (Petromyzontiformes) were determined using a cladistic analysis of 32 mainly morphological characters, revealing a trichotomy between a monophyletic northern hemisphere clade and the southern hemisphere genera Geotria and Mordacia.
Abstract: Relationships among the 18 extant species of parasitic lamprey (Petromyzontiformes) were determined using a cladistic analysis of 32 mainly morphological characters. Because previous analyses support all known fossils as phylogenetically older or the same age as living lampreys, a composite agnathan fossil was used as an outgroup. A consensus of three equally parsimonious trees revealed a trichotomy between a monophyletic northern hemisphere clade and the southern hemisphere genera Geotria and Mordacia. The monophyletic status of the northern hemisphere lampreys and their classification in a single family Petromyzontidae was corroborated. It is suggested that the two southern hemisphere lamprey genera be retained as distinct families. Among northern hemisphere species, Ichthyomyzon and Petromyzon form a monophyletic group sister to the remaining genera. Caspiomyzon is sister to Tetrapleurodon + Entosphenus + Lethenteron + Eudontomyzon + Lampetra, with Tetrapleurodon in turn being sister to a grou...
TL;DR: Among the six polyspecific genera of the holarctic lampreys, 12 parasitic and 20 satellite species are presently known.
Abstract: The new term 'satellite species' is used to replace the less accurate and by now obsolete term 'paired species.' Among lamprey genera a complex of species is usually found: one parasitic or 'stem' species and one or several nonparasitic or 'satellite' species probably derived from it. Among eight genera of holarctic lampreys the interrelation between the number of parasitic (p) and satellite (s) species is as follows: Caspiomyzon, 1p and no s; Petromyzon, 1p and no s; Ichthyomyzon, 3p and 3s; Tetrapleurodon, 1p and 1s; Entosphenus, 3p and 3s; Lampetra in Europe, 1p and 2s, in North America, 1p and 3s; Eudontomyzon in Europe, 1p and 3s, in Asia, 1p and no s; Lethenteron, 1p and 5s. Thus among the six polyspecific genera of the holarctic lampreys, 12 parasitic and 20 satellite species are presently known.
TL;DR: A continuous flow respirometer suitable for measuring oxygen consumption in some small burrowing aquatic animals is described and the rates of oxygen consumption are discussed with respect to the ecology of ammocoetes and compared with those obtained for other lower vertebrates.
Abstract: 1. A continuous flow respirometer suitable for measuring oxygen consumption in some small burrowing aquatic animals is described.
2. Rates of oxygen consumption in ammocoetes of the lamprey Ichthyomyzon hubbsi are low, with mean values at 15.5 °C ranging from 38.8 to 97.1 µl/g/h for large (3.44 g) and small (0.14 g) animals respectively.
3. A Q10 of 3.6 was found for medium-size animals (1.18 g) between 3.5 and 22.5 °C.
4. The slope of the logarithmic linear regression relating weight and oxygen consumption was 0.718 at 15.5°C.
5. The rates of oxygen consumption are discussed with respect to the ecology of ammocoetes and compared with those obtained for other lower vertebrates.