Topic
Hypothesis
About: Hypothesis is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 282 publications have been published within this topic receiving 6736 citations. The topic is also known as: antecedent & hypotheses.
Papers published on a yearly basis
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Papers
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the arbitrariness of P-values, conclusions that the null hypothesis is true, power analysis, and distinctions between statistical and biological significance, and contrast that interpretation with the correct one.
Abstract: Despite their wide use in scientific journals such as The Journal of Wildlife Management, statistical hypothesis tests add very little value to the products of research. Indeed, they frequently confuse the interpretation of data. This paper describes how statistical hypothesis tests are often viewed, and then contrasts that interpretation with the correct one. I discuss the arbitrariness of P-values, conclusions that the null hypothesis is true, power analysis, and distinctions between statistical and biological significance. Statistical hypothesis testing, in which the null hypothesis about the properties of a population is almost always known a priori to be false, is contrasted with scientific hypothesis testing, which examines a credible null hypothesis about phenomena in nature. More meaningful alternatives are briefly outlined, including estimation and confidence intervals for determining the importance of factors, decision theory for guiding actions in the face of uncertainty, and Bayesian approaches to hypothesis testing and other statistical practices.
1,146 citations
TL;DR: The thesis that consciousness is a process in the brain is put forward as a reasonable scientific hypothesis, and it is suggested that the authors can identify consciousness with a given pattern of brain activity, if they can explain the subject's introspective observations by reference to the brain processes with which they are correlated.
Abstract: The thesis that consciousness is a process in the brain is put forward as a reasonable scientific hypothesis, not to be dismissed on logical grounds alone. The conditions under which two sets of observations are treated as observations of the same process, rather than as observations of two independent correlated processes, are discussed. It is suggested that we can identify consciousness with a given pattern of brain activity, if we can explain the subject’s introspective observations by reference to the brain processes with which they are correlated. It is argued that the problem of providing a physiological explanation of introspective observations is made to seem more difficult than it really is by the ‘phenomenological fallacy’, the mistaken idea that descriptions of the appearances of things are descriptions of the actual state of affairs in a mysterious internal environment.
870 citations
TL;DR: In this article, new evidence is presented that supports the Darwinian hypothesis of the innateness and universality of the facial expressions of a limited set of emotions and the efficacy of the most commonly used method of testing it.
Abstract: The idea of innate and universal facial expressions that have links with human emotions was given the status of scientific hypothesis by Darwin (1872/1965). Substantial evidence, old and new, supports his hypothesis. Much of the evidence is independent of language, but Russell's (1994) criticisms of the hypothesis focus on language-dependent data. In this article, it is argued that Russell's critique was off target in that his arguments relate only to a hypothesis of the universality of semantic attributions and overstated in that he used questionable logic in designing studies to support his claims. It is also argued that Russell misinterpreted the relation between the universality hypothesis and differential emotions theory. Finally, new evidence is presented that supports the Darwinian hypothesis of the innateness and universality of the facial expressions of a limited set of emotions and the efficacy of the most commonly used method of testing it.
865 citations
TL;DR: The current method of hypothesis testing in the social sciences is under intense criticism as mentioned in this paper, yet most political scientists are unaware of the important issues being raised. Criticisms focus on the c...
Abstract: The current method of hypothesis testing in the social sciences is under intense criticism, yet most political scientists are unaware of the important issues being raised. Criticisms focus on the c...
303 citations
TL;DR: The DENDRAL Project was one of the first large-scale programs to embody the strategy of using detailed, task-specific knowledge about a problem domain as a source of heuristics, and to seek generality through automating the acquisition of such knowledge.
289 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2021 | 10 |
| 2020 | 9 |
| 2019 | 4 |
| 2018 | 5 |
| 2017 | 11 |
| 2016 | 11 |