TL;DR: To investigate a number of user interface options in hypertext systems, a prototype system was designed in the form of a hypertext report on events at the 1987 hypertext workshop, implemented on an Apple Macintosh with Hypercard as the programming system.
Abstract: Hypertext (3), (19), (25) is becoming a popular approach to many computer applications, especially those dealing with the on-line presentation of large amounts of loosely structured information such as on-line documentation or computer-aided learning. There are still many issues concerning hypertext that remain to be resolved, however, many of which are in the user interface area. One of the major usability problems with hypertext is the user's risk of disorientation while navigating the information space. For example, our studies [23] showed that 56 percent of the readers of a document written in one of the most popular commercial hypertext systems agreed fully or partly with the statement I was often confused about ‘where I was. ’ To investigate a number of user interface options in hypertext systems we designed a prototype system in the form of a hypertext report on events at the 1987 hypertext workshop. This system was implemented on an Apple Macintosh with Hypercard as the programming system. (To get a feel for our hypertext system, the reader is encouraged to review Figures 1 to 10 which contain screen dumps of a session with the system and thus constitute a kind of printed demonstration or guided tour.) Hypertext is a very dynamic form of human-computer interaction and can only be fully appreciated in an interactive environment. However, even these figures give a much better understanding of the system than a traditional textual description could give.
TL;DR: This chapter discusses the history of the development of the computer, current technology use in schools, and teaching about computers in the Curriculum.
Abstract: I. FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATIONAL COMPUTING. 1. Technology and School Transformation. About the chapter. Introduction to school transformation. Historical background. Theoretical base for the new educational directions. How technology can help. Information literacy and communication skills. Current technology use in schools. 2. Computer Applications and Impact. About the chapter. A tool for the teacher. Computers in the school. Computer applications in the home. Business applications of computers. 3. Research on Computers in Education. Theories supporting computer use in education. Summaries of research on instructional uses of computers. Effective computer-based instruction: what the research says. 4. Computer Systems: What Teachers Need to Know. Hardware and software. The mainframe, the minicomputer, and the microcomputer. Data storage in digital computers: binary code. Computer memory size. Computer Components. Information transmission between computers. Computer hardware and software organized in systems. 5. Teaching with Computers: An Overview of Computer-Based Learning. Categories for computer software used in education. Categories for computer use in education. Terminology: CAI, CBI, or CBL? Computers and other technologies. Problems with using computers effectively in the classroom. 6. Teaching About Computers: Computer Instruction in the Curriculum. Computer literacy. Computer anxiety. Teaching about computers. Fundamentals of programming. 7. Computer Ethics and Equity. More attention to computer ethics. Equity issues. II. APPLICATIONS OF EDUCATIONAL COMPUTING. 8. Managing Text: Word Processing and Desktop Publishing. What is word processing? What is desktop publishing? Why word processing and desktop publishing? Word processing for the teacher. Word processing in the teaching of writing. Using the word processor across the curriculum. 9. Managing Information: Data Managers. What is the information age? What is a data base manager? Why database management? Database management applications for teachers. Teaching about database management systems. Teaching with database management. 10. Managing Numbers: Spreadsheets and Statistical Analysis. What is a spreadsheet? Why spreadsheets? Teachers' administrative use of the spreadsheet. Teaching about spreadsheets. Using spreadsheets across the curriculum. Statistics and spreadsheets. 11. Managing Information: Telecommunications and Internet. Introduction to computer communication systems. Online databases: their use and effect. The Internet. Internet services. Some interesting telnet sites. Some interesting FTP sites. Some interesting Gopher sites. Some Web sites. Computer communication and national data bases in the curriculum. 12. Managing Computers: Selecting Software and Hardware. Software decisions. Copyright. Hardware selection decisions. 13. LOGO: A Visualization Language for Learners. What is LOGO? Why LOGO? Getting started with LOGO. LOGO classroom applications across the curriculum. 14. Hypermedia and Multimedia with HyperCard and LinkWay. What is hypermedia? Why use hypermedia? Hypermedia applications for teachers. Teaching about hypermedia. What is hypercard? Getting started with hypercard. Using linkway. . Teaching with linkway. 15. Computers in Education: Past, Present and Future. Why study computers in education? Brief history of the development of the computer. History of computers in education. Microcomputers in schools: Early years. What will the future bring? Appendices. Glossary. Index.
TL;DR: The period since 1987 has been punctuated by many significant events, including the development of HyperCard, the establishing of the ACM Hypertext conference series, the founding of SIGLINK/SIGWEB, the rapid growth in the market for CD-ROM based multimedia applications, the widespread adoption of the WWW leading to the first truly large-scale hypertext application and the popularisation and commercialisation of hypertext concepts.
Abstract: The 1987 ACM Hypertext conference was seen by many as the catalyst for a significant period of growth in hypertext (and subsequently hypermedia) as a coherent research area and in its impact on the general public. The period since 1987 has been punctuated by many significant events, including the development and free distribution of HyperCard, the establishing of the ACM Hypertext conference series, the founding of SIGLINK/SIGWEB, the rapid growth in the market for CD-ROM based multimedia applications, the widespread adoption of the WWW leading to the first truly large-scale hypertext application and the popularisation and commercialisation of hypertext concepts, and the emergence of web2.0. Early among those events was the launch in 1989 by Taylor Graham Publishing of the first specialist journal Hypermedia.