Topic
Hylobates
About: Hylobates is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 425 publications have been published within this topic receiving 11015 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
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Papers
TL;DR: The results suggest that the loss of urate oxidase during the evolution of hominoids could be caused by two independent events after the divergence of the gibbon lineage; the nonsense mutation at codon position 33 resulted in the loss in urate oxidation activity in the human, chimpanzee, and orangutan, whereas the 13-bp deletion was responsible for the urate oxidease deficiency in the gibbons.
Abstract: Urate oxidase was lost in hominoids during primate evolution. The mechanism and biological reason for this loss remain unknown. In an attempt to address these questions, we analyzed the sequence of urate oxidase genes from four species of hominoids: human (Homo sapiens), chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus), and gibbon (Hylobates). Two nonsense mutations at codon positions 33 and 187 and an aberrant splice site were found in the human gene. These three deleterious mutations were also identified in the chimpanzee. The nonsense mutation at codon 33 was observed in the orangutan urate oxidase gene. None of the three mutations was present in the gibbon; in contrast, a 13-bp deletion was identified that disrupted the gibbon urate oxidase reading frame. These results suggest that the loss of urate oxidase during the evolution of hominoids could be caused by two independent events after the divergence of the gibbon lineage; the nonsense mutation at codon position 33 resulted in the loss of urate oxidase activity in the human, chimpanzee, and orangutan, whereas the 13-bp deletion was responsible for the urate oxidase deficiency in the gibbon. Because the disruption of a functional gene by independent events in two different evolutionary lineages is unlikely to occur on a chance basis, our data favor the hypothesis that the loss of urate oxidase may have evolutionary advantages.
542 citations
Oregon Health & Science University1, Baylor College of Medicine2, University of Arizona3, Stony Brook University4, Pompeu Fabra University5, Howard Hughes Medical Institute6, University of Washington7, University College London8, German Primate Center9, University of Bari10, Louisiana State University11, University of Toulouse12, Johns Hopkins University13, University of Utah14, Texas A&M University15, Babeș-Bolyai University16, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute17, University of Colorado Denver18, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine19, University of Barcelona20, Indiana University21, Washington University in St. Louis22, Institute for Systems Biology23, Pennsylvania State University24, University of Pittsburgh25, Harvard University26, Stanford University27, University of Cambridge28, University of California, San Francisco29, Paul Ehrlich Institute30, Gibbon Conservation Center31, University of Chicago32, Broad Institute33
TL;DR: The assembly and analysis of a northern white-cheeked gibbon genome is presented and the propensity for a gibbon-specific retrotransposon (LAVA) to insert into chromosome segregation genes and alter transcription by providing a premature termination site is described, suggesting a possible molecular mechanism for the genome plasticity of the gibbon lineage.
Abstract: Gibbons are small arboreal apes that display an accelerated rate of evolutionary chromosomal rearrangement and occupy a key node in the primate phylogeny between Old World monkeys and great apes. Here we present the assembly and analysis of a northern white-cheeked gibbon (Nomascus leucogenys) genome. We describe the propensity for a gibbon-specific retrotransposon (LAVA) to insert into chromosome segregation genes and alter transcription by providing a premature termination site, suggesting a possible molecular mechanism for the genome plasticity of the gibbon lineage. We further show that the gibbon genera (Nomascus, Hylobates, Hoolock and Symphalangus) experienced a near-instantaneous radiation ~5 million years ago, coincident with major geographical changes in southeast Asia that caused cycles of habitat compression and expansion. Finally, we identify signatures of positive selection in genes important for forelimb development (TBX5) and connective tissues (COL1A1) that may have been involved in the adaptation of gibbons to their arboreal habitat.
365 citations
Book•
1 Jan 1940
321 citations
TL;DR: The discovery of the great call of the Javan gibbon and finding an enclave of the agile gibbon in Kalimantan permit for the first time a comparison of vocalizations among all major taxa of Hylobates.
Abstract: Discovery of the great call of the Javan gibbon and finding an enclave of the agile gibbon in Kalimantan permit for the first time a comparison of vocalizations among all major taxa of Hylobates. The songs are stereotyped, constant throughout the interrupted areas of distribution of each taxon, and are sexually divocal.
222 citations
TL;DR: Analysis of 16 mm cine films of free-ranging and captive siamangs and gibbons reveals details of their locomotor behaviour that can be interpreted as precise adaptations for maximising the forward momentum gained from pendular movement.
Abstract: THE slow brachiation which is characteristic of the siamang [Hylobates (Symphalangus) syndactylus] and to a lesser extent the smaller gibbons [Hylobates (Hylobates) spp.] is often described as pendulum-like1,2. This comparison is apt because both the pendulum and the gibbons rotate about a fixed overhead fulcrum and make use of gravitational acceleration to effect movement. Beyond these basic observations, there have been few attempts to elucidate the mechanical aspects of this unique form of locomotion2,3. Analysis of 16 mm cine films of free-ranging and captive siamangs and gibbons reveals details of their locomotor behaviour that can be interpreted as precise adaptations for maximising the forward momentum gained from pendular movement.
212 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
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| 2025 | 7 |
| 2024 | 16 |
| 2023 | 11 |
| 2022 | 30 |
| 2021 | 9 |
| 2020 | 10 |