Topic
Hydrosphere
About: Hydrosphere is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 752 publications have been published within this topic receiving 23524 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
1 / 2
Papers
TL;DR: A review of the use of 15N/14N ratios in investigating sources and mechanisms of pollution in the hydrosphere is given in this paper, where it is shown that these differences are largely the result of kinetic isotope fractionation associated with bacterially-mediated reactions.
Abstract: Pollution of the hydrosphere and atmosphere by compounds of nitrogen is a serious problem. This paper reviews the manner in which studies of natural abundance 15N/14N ratios may be employed in investigating the sources and mechanisms of pollution. Cultivation-induced mineralization of soil nitrogen, fertilizer, and animal or sewage wastes are the three main sources of nitrate pollution in the hydrosphere. In many cases these sources produce nitrate with distinguishable 15N/14N ratios, and on this basic isotopic data for nitrate have been successfully used for identifying the source of pollution in a wide variety of ground- and surface water environments. Distinction between continentally- and marine-derived organic nitrogen in ecologically sensitive coastal waters also appears possible. These differences in 15N/14N ratios, however, are largely the result of kinetic isotope fractionation associated with bacterially-mediated reactions. The unpredictable magnitude of this type of fractionation tends to restrict the use of nitrogen isotope data in the hydrosphere to semi-quantitative interpretations. Observations of the isotopic fractionation between nitrogen compounds in the atmosphere may provide valuable information on whether their physico-chemical reactions are controlled by kinetic or by equilibrium processes. The possibility of using 15N/14N data for distinguishing between anthropogenic and natural sources of NOx gases, potentially a very important application, is as yet unproven.
1,116 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the hydrological performance of the Lund-Potsdam-Jena model (LPJ), a prominent dynamic global vegetation model, is evaluated, and it is shown that runoff and evapotranspiration computed by LPJ agree well with respective results from state-of-the-art global hydrologogical models, while in some regions, runoff is significantly over- or underestimated compared to observations.
992 citations
TL;DR: An attempt is made to quantify the global element cycle for arsenic, based on an extensive literature research with special emphasis on the most recent works.
954 citations
Book•
1 Jan 1979
TL;DR: The approach of this book to geochemistry can be summarized in the question: What happens, and how fast does it happen, when waters, solids, and gases interact in the earth's surface environment? The environment of the earths surface is made of solids and fluids, and the interactions among them are responsible for much of what is taking place in the physical world around us as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The approach of this book to geochemistry can be summarized in the question: What happens, and how fast does it happen, when waters, solids, and gases interact in the earths surface environment? The environment of the earths surface is made of solids and fluids, and theinteractions among them are responsible for much of what is taking place in the physical world around us. The dissolved load of natural waters and the materials of which sediments are made are the products of reactions taking place practically everywhere on land, in the atmosphere, and in the hydrosphere. Thus the term water and sediment environments applies effectivelly to much of the surface environment of the earth, including the zone of up to a few kilometers above and below the land and ocean surface. Evolution present itself to us as a more or less complex variety of processes-geological, physical, chemical, and biological. To this end, the inclusive title Geochemical Processes was chosen for the book, to introduce a text that emphasizes processes and time-dependent phenomena.
687 citations
1 Jan 1986
679 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 32 |
| 2024 | 48 |
| 2023 | 119 |
| 2022 | 162 |
| 2021 | 39 |
| 2020 | 32 |