TL;DR: The reevaluate of fossil specimens of ungulate mammals from the uppermost middle Eocene Pondaung Formation (central Myanmar), describing some new materials shows many primitive characteristics among ruminants and lacks any critical derived features referable to any ruminant family.
Abstract: We reevaluate some fossil specimens of ungulate mammals from the uppermost middle Eocene Pondaung Formation (central Myanmar), describing some new materials. The taxa studied in this paper are Hsanotherium parvum (Ungulata), Asiohomacodon myanmarensis gen. et sp. nov. (Artiodactyla; Dichobunidae; Homacodontinae), Indomeryx (Artiodactyla; Ruminantia), Indolophus guptai (Perissodactyla; Tapiromorpha; Indolophidae), and Ceratomorpha fam., gen. et sp. indet. (Perissodactyla). (1) The lower molars of Hsanotherium show a similarity to those of Gobiohyus pressidens (Artiodactyla; Helohyidae), and its mesiodistally elongated and trilobed dP4 morphology recalls that of artiodactyls and macroscelideans. However, the unique molar and P4 morphologies of Hsanotherium indicate that Hsanotherium cannot confidently be classified into any present ungulate order, although it can be identified as belonging to the Ungulata because of its large, elongated, and posteriorly projecting hypoconulid on M3. (2) The molar s...
TL;DR: A new genus and species ofAnthracobunidae, Hsanotherium parvum, is described from the Middle Eocene Pondaung Formation in Myanmar, and it suggests that the Eocene South-Asian radiation of Anthracob unidae occurred in a diachronous way on the Indian Subcontinent and eastward.
Abstract: A new genus and species of Anthracobunidae, Hsanotherium parvum, is described from the Middle Eocene Pondaung Formation in Myanmar. This form is the smallest and the most primitive known in the family, and it suggests that the Eocene South-Asian radiation of Anthracobunidae occurred in a diachronous way on the Indian Subcontinent and eastward.