Hookeriales

Abstract: Sequence data from four DNA regions, namely, chloroplast trnL‐trnF and rps4, mitochondrial nad5, and nuclear 26S rDNA, were surveyed from 89 taxa traditionally associated with the Hookeriales, five Hypnales and five outgroups. Phylogenetic reconstruction was performed using the maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood optimality criteria and by Bayesian phylogenetic inference. Thirteen morphological characters were optimized on the resulting phylogeny using maximum likelihood. Inferences of character evolution based on the molecular phylogeny suggest that (1) the core of pleurocarpous mosses (i.e. the Hypnanae) is best defined and thus distinguished from the Ptychomnianae by smooth rather than furrowed capsules, (2) a synapomorphy for the Ptychomnianae is the short and double (or absent) costa and (3) the Hookeriales are defined by undifferentiated alar cells. The Ptychomniaceae plus Garovagliaceae are recognized as a single family in its own order, the Ptychomniales ord. nov. and superorder, the...

Abstract: The Hookeriales are evaluated to discern familial limits. Five families are recognized in the order: Hookeriaceae, Leucomiaceae, Daltoniaceae, Callicostaceae, and Adelotheciaceae fam. nov. Chaetomitrium Dozy & Molk., Chaetomitriopsis. Fleisch., Dimorphocladon Dix., and Elharveya Crum are transferred to the Hypnaceae. Hookeriopsis (Besch.) Jaeg. is split into four genera: Hookeriopsis s. str., Brymela Crosby & Allen, Thamniopsis (Mitt.) Fleisch., and Trachyxiphium Buck, gen. nov. The following new combinations are proposed to coincide with the recognition of these four genera rather than Hookeriopsis s. lat.: Brymela acuminata, B. callicostelloides, B. cuspidata, B. fissidentoides, B. fluminensis, B. obtusifolia, B. parkeriana, B. rugulosa, B. websteri, Thamniopsis cheiloneura, T. cruegeriana, T. diffusa, T. incurva, T. langsdorffii, T. pappeana, T. purpureophylla, T. secunda, T. sinuata, T. terrestris, T. undata, T. utacamundiana, T. versicolor, Trachyxiphium aduncum, T. guadalupense, T. heteroicum, T. hypnaceum, T. pernutans, T. subfalcatum, T. tenue, T. vagum, and T. variable. Excluded species are treated as Isopterygium plumicaule, Schizomitrium cirrhosum, and S. subsecundum. Schizomitrium belangerianum (Besch.) Buck, comb. nov. is considered distinct from S. depressum (Hedw.) Buck & Steere, and S. pallidum (Hornsch.) Crum & Anders. is shown to have a smooth seta sometimes. The taxonomy of the aquatic species of Cyclodictyon Mitt. and Lepidopilum (Brid.) Brid. is clarified, resulting in the recognition of three species, Cyclodictyon subtortifolium (Bartr.) Buck, comb. nov., C. roridum (Hampe) Kuntze and L. tortifolium Mitt. Two new combinations are proposed in Calyptrochaeta Desv., C. setigera and C. albescens.

Abstract: As a result of a project using two chloroplast loci, the trnL-trnF region and the rps4 gene, to test the monophyly of pleurocarpous mosses as a group and the traditional three orders contained in it, several novel generic alliances were revealed. Of particular interest are the inclusion of the Ptychomniaceae and Garovagliaceae in the Hookeriales, as well as generic inclusions in the Anomodontaceae, Brachytheciaceae, Amblystegiaceae sensu lato, and Sematophyllaceae.