Holotype

Abstract: The type collection of Terebridae in the Natural History Museum consists of 248 lots. In order to clarify the type status of this material, an annotated alphabetic list by species is provided. The format includes the original citation for each species, type locality, collector, label data, registration number, number of specimens, type status and remarks. Due to the actions of previous workers, fixation of lectotype by inference of holotype is given for 168 species. A bibliography of relevant publications is also provided.

Abstract: Three new species of Minous (Synanceiidae: Minoinae) are described. Minous roseus sp. nov., based on 13 specimens from northwestern Australia and the Maldives, is characterized by the following combination of characters: usually XI, 11 dorsal-fin rays; usually II, 9 anal-fin rays; head depth 18.8–21.6% (mean 20.0%) of SL; basal portion of pectoral fin inner surface with black stripes radiating along rays on yellow membranes; and largely pinkish or yellowish body. Although Minous groeneveldi sp. nov., based on a single specimen from Bali, Indonesia, resembles M . roseus , the former differs in having blunt anterior and posterior lacrimal spines with both tips canted ventrally, the eye positioned relatively low on the head and relatively dark body coloration. Minous roseus and M . groeneveldi have also been photographed underwater in North Sulawesi. Minous radiatus sp. nov., based on 54 specimens from the northwestern Pacific Ocean, from the South China Sea and Philippines north to Taiwan, has previously been confused with Minous pictus Gunther 1880 (now restricted to Australia and New Guinea). However, M . radiatus differs from M . pictus in having a narrower space between the interorbital ridges, shorter pelvic-fin base, and the pectoral fin inner surface largely yellow, with narrow dark stripes along the rays (relatively large, elongate blotches along the rays in M . pictus ). Minous pictus was redescribed from 10 specimens, including a newly-designated lectotype. Minous trachycephalus (Bleeker 1855), related to M . roseus and M . groeneveldi , was also redescribed (with a revised diagnosis), based on the holotype and many specimens from the Indo-West Pacific region. In addition, two examples of Minous andriashevi Mandrytsa 1990, collected off Somalia, are recognized as a new record of the species, previously known only from the holotype collected off the Seychelles. A revised key to species of Minous is also provided.

Abstract: Megadytes ( Bifurcitus ) ducalis Sharp, 1882 is the largest diving beetle in the world and has been considered a candidate for the world’s rarest insect (Jones 2010). It was described from "Brazil", is only known from the male holotype in the Natural History Museum (London), and typically thought to be extinct. Here we report the finding of 10 additional specimens, all collected at the end of the 19th century, which were discovered incidentally in different historical collections, including drawers with unsorted diving beetle accessions of the Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle (Paris). These specimens, whilst old, reveal exact locality data for the first time, enabling focused field campaigns to attempt to rediscover this giant alive. Locality labels all indicate Santo Antonio da Barra (present name Condeuba), in the southern part of Bahia, Brazil, suggesting that the species may have a restricted distribution in wetter parts of the Brazilian savanna or cerrado. We also describe the female of M. ducalis for the first time and present new records of the putatively closely related species Megadytes magnus Tremouilles & Bachmann, 1980 and M. lherminieri (Guerin-Meneville, 1829), the latter being recorded for the first time from Ecuador. These three morphologically similar species together form the subgenus Bifurcitus Brinck, 1945 and we provide photographs of their habitus, median lobes and other morphological details.

Abstract: The history and original concept of Parygrus Erichson, 1847, is reviewed, the genus is redescribed, and the status of the type species, P. erichsoni Waterhouse, 1876, is clarified. The four original species are reviewed, with photographs provided for the type specimens of P. angustatus Grouvelle, 1896, P. elateroides Grouvelle, 1896, and P. erichsoni, and a non-type of P. parallelus (Grouvelle, 1890). The holotype of P. parallelus is apparently missing. The female holotype of P. erichsoni is redescribed. An associated male P. erichsoni specimen is compared with the holotype and the male genitalia are described and illustrated. General descriptions and provisional diagnoses are given for P. angustatus, P. elateroides and P. parallelus. Five new species (P. guarani new species, P. lengua new species, P. maya new species, P. quechua new species, P. zamuco new species) are proposed, illustrated, and their geographic distributions mapped. For the first time, the male genitalia of Parygrus species are described and illustrated. A provisional key to the species and an updated key to the Neotropical genera of Dryopidae are provided.