TL;DR: Perez as discussed by the authors argues that the Chicano historical narrative has often omitted gender and proposes a theory which rejects the coloniser's methodological assumptions and examines new tools for uncovering the hidden voices of Chicanas who have been relegated to silence.
Abstract: Emma Perez discusses the historical methodology which has created Chicano history. Then borrowing from theorists and philosophers of history, Michel Foucault, Juan Gomez-Quinones, Homi Bhabha, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, and Hayden White as well as cultural feminist critics Gloria Anzaldu(accute)a, Teresa de Lauretis, Antonia Castaneda, Deena Gonzalez, Chela Sandoval, the author argues that the Chicano historical narrative has often omitted gender. She poses a theory which rejects the coloniser's methodological assumptions and examines new tools for uncovering the hidden voices of Chicanas who have been relegated to silence.Within that silence, she uncovers what she describes as 'third space feminism'. By traversing political borders and disciplinary boundaries, the text moves from geographic spaces in the Yucatan to California and Texas in and around the Mexican Revolution of 1910. Perez examines Yucatan's socialist revolution, the international revolutionary movement El Partido Liberal Mexicano, and the Club Femenino Chapultepec.In these case studies 'new voices' come into existence to shape knowledge about Chicanas, constructing identities and feminisms which cross borders and boundaries. The last chapter critiques the tale of La Malinche, the translator and alleged lover to Cortes'; a recent film, "Silent Tongue," the story of an Indian woman; Delgadeio, the object of desire in a popular corrido; and Selina, the slain Tex-Mex popular singer who practiced her own cultural feminism in sexualized performances. The historical case studies and contemporary cultural phenomena employ the concept of decolonial imaginary and demonstrate its usefulness as a tool to rewrite Chicana history.
TL;DR: In this article, the impact of communication and information technology on the production of sources is discussed, and the role of the individual in the history of the past is discussed as well as the nature of historical knowledge.
Abstract: I. The Source: The Basis of Our Knowledge about the Past A. What Is a Source? B. Source Typologies, Their Evolution and Complementarity C. The Impact of Communication and Information Technology on the Production of Sources D. Storing and Delivering InformationII. Technical Analysis of Sources A. Clio's Laboratory Paleography Diplomatics Archaeology Statistics Additional Technical ToolsB. Source Criticism: The Great Tradition The "Genealogy" of the Document Genesis of a Document The "Originality" of the Document Interpretation of the Document Authorial Authority Competence of the Observer The Trustworthiness of the ObserverIII. Historical Interpretation: The Traditional Basics A. Comparison of Sources B. Establishing Evidentiary Satisfaction C. The "Facts" That MatterIV. New Interpretive Approaches A. Interdisciplinarity The Social Sciences The HumanitiesB. The Politics of History Writing The Annales The "New Left" and New Histories The New Cultural HistoryV. The Nature of Historical Knowledge A. Change and ContinuityB. Causality Causal Factors (Religious Ideology, Clericalism, and Anticlericalism Social and Economic Factors Biology and "Race" Environment Science, Technology, and Inventions Power Public Opinion and the Mass Media) The Role of the IndividualC. History Today The Problem of Objectivity The Status of the "Fact"Research BibliographyIndex
TL;DR: Oral traditions are historical sources of a special nature as discussed by the authors, which derives from the fact that they are "unwritten" sources couched in a form suitable for oral transmission and that their preservation depends on the powers of memory of successive generations of human beings.
Abstract: Oral traditions are historical sources of a special nature. Their special nature derives from the fact that they are "unwritten" sources couched in a form suitable for oral transmission, and that their preservation depends on the powers of memory of successive generations of human beings. In many parts of the world inhabited by peoples without writing, oral tradition forms the main available source for a reconstruction of the past.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that historical method is capable of producing scientific knowledge that is currently useful, rather than simply a remembrance of the past, and they present a complete description of the historical method, so researchers can use this article as a guide when applying this method.
Abstract: Several researchers have advocated historical or longitudinal approaches to study marketing phenomena. Although some have applied this approach, more often it has been overlooked or denigrated. The author argues that historical method is capable of producing scientific knowledge that is currently useful, rather than simply a remembrance of the past. The author presents a complete description of the historical method, so researchers can use this article as a guide when applying this method. The value of the method is illustrated by examining the prevailing finding in the marketing literature that market shares are stable over time. Although this finding is considered an empirical generalization, an analysis of more than 650 brands in 100 categories raises doubts about the longevity of market share stability.