Topic
Hinny
About: Hinny is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 43 publications have been published within this topic receiving 1106 citations. The topic is also known as: Equus caballus × Equus asinus.
Papers
TL;DR: It is suggested that in equids the receptor-mediated refractoriness to the gonadotrophic activities of the intraspecific chorionic Gonadotrophin protects the ovaries during pregnancy.
Abstract: The role of equine chorionic gonadotrophin (CG, formerly termed Pregnant Mare serum Gonadotrophin, PMSG) in maintaining equine pregnancy was investigated by examining the effects of this hormone on the maternal ovaries during early gestation and relating these findings to the receptor binding activities of CG in vitro. Measurement of plasma progestagen profiles in mares and donkeys carrying horse, donkey, mule ( female horse X male donkey) and hinny (female donkey X male horse) conceptuses confirmed that CG induced several secondary ovulations and thus maintained maternal progestagen concentrations. However, in mares carrying horse and mule conceptuses and in donkeys carrying donkey conceptuses the growth of the follicles that gave rise to the secondary corpora lutea occurred before CG was secreted and the CG did not express any FSH-like activity. Nevertheless, in donkeys carrying hinny pregnancies the CG secreted by the hinny conceptus stimulated massive follicular growth in addition to luteinization, presumably because of an enhanced sensitivity of donkey ovaries to hinny CG which, as demonstrated in previous studies, is a mixture of horse and donkey CG and hence has considerably more FSH-like activity than normal donkey CG. In-vitro receptor binding experiments showed that both horse and donkey gonadal tissues possessed a low binding affinity for horse CG compared to that exhibited by equivalent gonadal tissues of other species. Furthermore, horse CG bound with low, but significant, affinity to horse and donkey LH receptors and donkey FSH receptors, but exhibited negligible binding to horse FSH receptors. We suggest that in equids the receptor-mediated refractoriness to the gonadotrophic activities of the intraspecific chorionic gonadotrophin protects the ovaries during pregnancy.
75 citations
TL;DR: This work characterized horse and donkey XIST gene and demonstrated that XIST allelic expression in female hybrid placental and fetal tissues is negatively correlated with the other X-linked genes chromosome-wide, which is consistent with the XIST-mediated mechanism of X inactivation discovered previously in mice.
Abstract: In eutherian mammals, dosage compensation of X-linked genes is achieved by X chromosome inactivation. X inactivation is random in embryonic and adult tissues, but imprinted X inactivation (paternal X silencing) has been identified in the extra-embryonic membranes of the mouse, rat, and cow. Few other species have been studied for this trait, and the data from studies of the human placenta have been discordant or inconclusive. Here, we quantify X inactivation using RNA sequencing of placental tissue from reciprocal hybrids of horse and donkey (mule and hinny). In placental tissue from the equid hybrids and the horse parent, the allelic expression pattern was consistent with random X inactivation, and imprinted X inactivation can clearly be excluded. We characterized horse and donkey XIST gene and demonstrated that XIST allelic expression in female hybrid placental and fetal tissues is negatively correlated with the other X-linked genes chromosome-wide, which is consistent with the XIST-mediated mechanism of X inactivation discovered previously in mice. As the most structurally and morphologically diverse organ in mammals, the placenta also appears to show diverse mechanisms for dosage compensation that may result in differences in conceptus development across species.
59 citations
TL;DR: Examination of their reciprocal hybrids showed that the red cells of female mules and female hinnies contain both horse and donkey G-6-PD; the male mule with an X chromosome from its horse mother contained pure horse G- 6-PD, whereas the male hinny with the donkey X chromosome contained pure donkey G
Abstract: Distinctly different electrophoretic patterns of red cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were resolved from the hemolyzates of horse and donkey erythrocytes. Examination of their reciprocal hybrids, mules and hinnies, showed that the red cells of female mules and female hinnies contain both horse and donkey G-6-PD; the male mule with an X chromosome from its horse mother contained pure horse G-6-PD, whereas the male hinny with the donkey X chromosome contained pure donkey G-6-PD. These findings on the male reciprocal hybrids suggest X-linkage.
51 citations
1 Jan 1967
TL;DR: This monograph gathers some information on attempted but unsuccessful hybridization and gives the limited information available on the fertility of these crosses.
Abstract: The term Hybrid, according to the Oxford dictionary, was first used in 1601 to describe the offspring of a tame sow and a wild boar, hence also a half-breed. More specifically, hybrids are the results of crosses between different animal species and best known for their utility are the mule and the hinny, the offspring of horse × donkey matings. Hybridization between different mammalian species has been described to occur in nature but much more commonly it is the result of intentional breeding programs or it has occurred in zoos where sexual experience of various species living in the same enclosure is limited to members of other species. Descriptions of numerous hybrids have been accumulated in the admirable collective review by Gray (1954). In addition, this monograph gathers some information on attempted but unsuccessful hybridization and, also, it gives the limited information available on the fertility of these crosses.
44 citations
TL;DR: Measurements of FSH and LH activities in PMSG produced both in vivo and in vitro by the four types of conceptuses showed that the genotype of the foetus markedly influences the FSH:LH ratio of PMSG.
Abstract: Rat testicular radioreceptor assays specific for FSH and LH were used to determine the FSH:LH ratio of PMSG produced by horse, donkey, mule and hinny conceptuses. Measurements of FSH and LH activities in PMSG produced both in vivo and in vitro by the four types of conceptuses showed that the genotype of the foetus markedly influences the FSH:LH ratio of PMSG. The FSH:LH ratio of PMSG produced by the horse conceptus was around unity whereas the ratio of PMSG produced by the donkey conceptus was as low as 0-2. Furthermore, the hybrid mule and hinny conceptuses both produced PMSG with an FSH:LH ratio which was approximately midway between those of the horse and donkey.
38 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2020 | 2 |
| 2019 | 2 |
| 2017 | 1 |
| 2016 | 1 |
| 2015 | 1 |
| 2014 | 1 |