Helminthoglypta

Abstract: Terrestrial mollusks are important components of forest ecosystems, yet we know very little about the distribution and habitat of many of these species. We sampled for terrestrial mollusks in northern California with the goal of estimating the geographic ranges and developing predictive habitat models for five species that were assumed to be sensitive to land management activities. The species of interest were Ancotrema voyanum, Helminthoglypta talmadgei, Monadenia churchi, Monadenia fidelis klamathica, and M. f. ochromphalus. We randomly selected 308 plots for sampling from a grid of points across a 2.2 million-ha study area. We used Generalized Additive Models to estimate each mollusk's geographic range and to develop predictive habitat models within their ranges. Models were developed at one microscale (1 ha) and six mesoscales (ranging from 12.5 to 1250 ha) using vegetation, physical, climatic, and spatial location covariates. Estimated geographic ranges varied from 4770 to 15 795 km2. Predictive habi...

Abstract: Terrestrial mollusks are important components of forest ecosystems, yet we know very little about the distribution and habitat of many of these species. We sampled for terrestrial mollusks in northern California with the goal of estimating the geographic ranges and developing predictive habitat models for five species that were assumed to be sensitive to land management activities. The species of interest were Ancotrema voyanum, Helminthoglypta talmadgei, Monadenia churchi, Monadenia fidelis klamathica, and M. f ochromphalus. We randomly selected 308 plots for sampling from a grid of points across a 2.2 million-ha study area. We used Generalized Additive Models to estimate each mol- lusk's geographic range and to develop predictive habitat models within their ranges. Models were developed at one microscale (1 ha) and six mesoscales (ranging from 12.5 to 1250 ha) using vegetation, physical, climatic, and spatial location covariates. Estimated geo- graphic ranges varied from 4770 to 15 795 km2. Predictive habitat models explained from 40.8% to 94.5% of the deviance in models describing the species' occurrences. Models at the 1-ha scale were generally better than models at larger spatial scales. Of the six meso- scales evaluated, the "best" models were often at very large scales. Spatial location and climatic variables contributed significantly to the predictions of occurrence for most species. Models for species with small geographic ranges generally appeared to be better than models for species with larger geographic ranges, possibly reflecting more restricted environmental conditions. Cross-validation results, however, showed that models for species with more locations were more stable. A. voyanum was more frequently associated with late-succes- sional forests and M. churchi was found to be a habitat generalist. The remaining three species were not detected enough for us to make strong conclusions about their habitat associations. Our results provide important guidance to land managers who are responsible for determining the necessity for surveys and protective measures for these and other terrestrial mollusk species prior to land management activities.

Abstract: This paper reports on the subsurface burrowing of the desert-dwelling land snail Helminthoglypta greggi in the western Mohave Desert. By excavating into the soil layer, we found that the majority of live snails were burrowed into the soil beneath rocks as well as shrubs, and in both disturbed and undisturbed areas. Live snails were found as deep as 50 cm in the soil layer, and shells as deep as 55 cm. Densities averaged 4.3 live snails per square meter of surface area and 10.1 snails per cubic meter of excavated soil. When these densities are multiplied by a conservative habitat estimate, these snails may number in the millions. Burrowing into the soil layer during wet winter periods allows these snails to escape lethally high temperatures in summer, lethally low temperatures in winter, and desiccation in all seasons. The significance of these findings is twofold. First, it is essential that soil sampling be included in surveys for other Helminthoglypta, as well as for other land snails inhabiting arid environments, or their population number, occupancy, and habitat breadth may be underestimated. Second, like H. greggi, it may be that other species of land snails have been considered rare simply because of inadequate sampling and incomplete understanding of the nature and extent of their habitat use.