TL;DR: Inverse Trigonometric and Hyperbolic Functions as mentioned in this paper, the exponential and trigonometric functions of complex numbers are used to define the series of positive terms in the complex number space.
Abstract: Chapter 1: Infinite Series, Power Series.The Geometric Series.Definitions and Notation.Applications of Series.Convergent and Divergent Series.Convergence Tests.Convergence Tests for Series of Positive Terms.Alternating Series.Conditionally Convergent Series.Useful Facts about Series.Power Series Interval of Convergence.Theorems about Power Series.Expanding Functions in Power Series.Expansion Techniques.Accuracy of Series Approximations.Some Uses of Series.Chapter 2: Complex Numbers.Introduction.Real and Imaginary Parts of a Complex Number.The Complex Plane.Terminology and Notation.Complex Algebra.Complex Infinite Series.Complex Power Series Disk of Convergence.Elementary Functions of Complex Numbers.Euler's Formula.Powers and Roots of Complex Numbers.The Exponential and Trigonometric Functions.Hyperbolic Functions.Logarithms.Complex Roots and Powers.Inverse Trigonometric and Hyperbolic Functions.Some Applications.Chapter 3: Linear Algebra.Introduction.Matrices Row Reduction.Determinants Cramer's Rule.Vectors.Lines and Planes.Matrix Operations.Linear Combinations, Functions, Operators.Linear Dependence and Independence.Special Matrices and Formulas.Linear Vector Spaces.Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors.Applications of Diagonalization.A Brief Introduction to Groups.General Vector Spaces.Chapter 4: Partial Differentiation.Introduction and Notation.Power Series in Two Variables.Total Differentials.Approximations using Differentials.Chain Rule.Implicit Differentiation.More Chain Rule.Maximum and Minimum Problems.Constraints Lagrange Multipliers.Endpoint or Boundary Point Problems.Change of Variables.Differentiation of Integrals.Chapter 5: Multiple Integrals.Introduction.Double and Triple Integrals.Applications of Integration.Change of Variables in Integrals Jacobians.Surface Integrals.Chapter 6: Vector Analysis.Introduction.Applications of Vector Multiplication.Triple Products.Differentiation of Vectors.Fields.Directional Derivative Gradient.Some Other Expressions Involving V.Line Integrals.Green's Theorems in the Plane.The Divergence and the Divergence Theorem.The Curl and Stokes' Theorem.Chapter 7: Fourier Series and Transforms.Introduction.Simple Harmonic Motion and Wave Motion Periodic Functions.Applications of Fourier Series.Average Value of a Function.Fourier Coefficients.Complex Form of Fourier Series.Other Intervals.Even and Odd Functions.An Application to Sound.Parseval's Theorem.Fourier Transforms.Chapter 8: Ordinary Differential Equations.Introduction.Separable Equations.Linear First-Order Equations.Other Methods for First-Order Equations.Linear Equations (Zero Right-Hand Side).Linear Equations (Nonzero Right-Hand Side).Other Second-Order Equations.The Laplace Transform.Laplace Transform Solutions.Convolution.The Dirac Delta Function.A Brief Introduction to Green's Functions.Chapter 9: Calculus of Variations.Introduction.The Euler Equation.Using the Euler Equation.The Brachistochrone Problem Cycloids.Several Dependent Variables Lagrange's Equations.Isoperimetric Problems.Variational Notation.Chapter 10: Tensor Analysis.Introduction.Cartesian Tensors.Tensor Notation and Operations.Inertia Tensor.Kronecker Delta and Levi-Civita Symbol.Pseudovectors and Pseudotensors.More about Applications.Curvilinear Coordinates.Vector Operators.Non-Cartesian Tensors.Chapter 11: Special Functions.Introduction.The Factorial Function.Gamma Function Recursion Relation.The Gamma Function of Negative Numbers.Formulas Involving Gamma Functions.Beta Functions.Beta Functions in Terms of Gamma Functions.The Simple Pendulum.The Error Function.Asymptotic Series.Stirling's Formula.Elliptic Integrals and Functions.Chapter 12: Legendre, Bessel, Hermite, and Laguerre functions.Introduction.Legendre's Equation.Leibniz' Rule for Differentiating Products.Rodrigues' Formula.Generating Function for Legendre Polynomials.Complete Sets of Orthogonal Functions.Orthogonality of Legendre Polynomials.Normalization of Legendre Polynomials.Legendre Series.The Associated Legendre Polynomials.Generalized Power Series or the Method of Frobenius.Bessel's Equation.The Second Solutions of Bessel's Equation.Graphs and Zeros of Bessel Functions.Recursion Relations.Differential Equations with Bessel Function Solutions.Other Kinds of Bessel Functions.The Lengthening Pendulum.Orthogonality of Bessel Functions.Approximate Formulas of Bessel Functions.Series Solutions Fuch's Theorem.Hermite and Laguerre Functions Ladder Operators.Chapter 13: Partial Differential Equations.Introduction.Laplace's Equation Steady-State Temperature.The Diffusion of Heat Flow Equation the Schrodinger Equation.The Wave Equation the Vibrating String.Steady-State Temperature in a Cylinder.Vibration of a Circular Membrane.Steady-State Temperature in a Sphere.Poisson's Equation.Integral Transform Solutions of Partial Differential Equations.Chapter 14: Functions of a Complex Variable.Introduction.Analytic Functions.Contour Integrals.Laurent Series.The Residue Theorem.Methods of Finding Residues.Evaluation of Definite Integrals.The Point at Infinity Residues of Infinity.Mapping.Some Applications of Conformal Mapping.Chapter 15: Probability and Statistics.Introduction.Sample Space.Probability Theorems.Methods of Counting.Random Variables.Continuous Distributions.Binomial Distribution.The Normal or Gaussian Distribution.The Poisson Distribution.Statistics and Experimental Measurements.
TL;DR: In this paper, a large number of formulae from the classical theory of special functions are given appropriate generalizations, some of which turn out to have applications to lattice-point problems and to the theory of non-central Wishart distributions in statistics.
Abstract: Our principal results fall into three main classes. First, a large number of formulae from the classical theory of special functions are given appropriate generalizations. Some of these turn out to have applications to lattice-point problems and to the theory of non-central Wishart distributions in statistics. Secondly, the L2-theory of the Hankel transform is established with the generalized Bessel functions furnishing the kernel, i.e. the transformation g(A) = JM>oA y(AM)f(M) (det M)7 dM is a self-reciprocal unitary correspondence of the Hilbert space of functions for which f A>O I f(A) 12 (det A)7 dA < c* onto itself. Here Py is a real number greater than -1 and A and M are positive definite matrices. In this connection there are two results we wish to emphasize. (1) A complete set of eigenfunctions for the Hankel transform is given in the form' etr(- A)L(') (2A), t running over a certain index class, with the L() (A) as polynomials in the entries of the matrix A. These polynomials enjoy generalized versions of nearly all the properties of the Laguerre polynomials to which they reduce in the scalar case. (2) The ordinary multi-dimensional Fourier transform of a function of mk variables satisfying a certain generalized radiality condition reduces to a Hankel transform. More precisely, arrange the mk variables in a k X m matrix T; then if the function depends only on R = T'T, T' being the transposed matrix, the Fourier transform may be computed in terms of the Hankel transform of order -y = 2 (k - m - 1) defined for functions of positive semidefinite m X m matrices R. The third class of results concerns the properties of harmonic polynomials in several variables having a certain matrix homogeneity. We call a polynomial, P(T), in the entries of the k X m matrix T, an H-polynomial if (1) P(T) is a harmonic function of mk variables and (2) P(TZ) = (det Z)VP(T) for some integer v and all m X m symmetric matrices Z. These H-polynomials behave like "Stieffel-manifold" (in contrast to "spherical") harmonics. They are related in a natural way to generalized Gegenbauer polynomials which are in turn defined as hypergeometric functions.
TL;DR: This work reports an exact and fast Fourier-domain reconstruction algorithm for thermoacoustic tomography in a planar configuration assuming thermal confinement and constant acoustic speed and demonstrates that the blurring caused by the finite size of the detector surface is the primary limiting factor on the resolution.
Abstract: For pt. I see ibid., vol. 21, no. 7, p. 823-8 (2002). Microwave-induced thermoacoustic tomography (TAT) in a cylindrical configuration is developed to image biological tissue. Thermoacoustic signals are acquired by scanning a flat ultrasonic transducer. Using a new expansion of a spherical wave in cylindrical coordinates, we apply the Fourier and Hankel transforms to TAT and obtain an exact frequency-domain reconstruction method. The effect of discrete spatial sampling on image quality is analyzed. An aliasing-proof reconstruction method is proposed. Numerical and experimental results are included.
TL;DR: In this article, a linear digital filtering algorithm is presented for rapid and accurate numerical evaluation of Hankel transform integrals of orders 0 and 1 containing related complex kernel functions, defined as the non−Bessel function factor of the integrand.
Abstract: A linear digital filtering algorithm is presented for rapid and accurate numerical evaluation of Hankel transform integrals of orders 0 and 1 containing related complex kernel functions. The kernel for Hankel transforms is defined as the non‐Bessel function factor of the integrand. Related transforms are defined as transforms, of either order 0 or 1, whose kernel functions are related to one another by simple algebraic relationships. Previously saved kernel evaluations are used in the algorithm to obtain rapidly either order transform following an initial convolution operation. Each order filter is designed with identical abscissas over a large range so that an adaptive convolution procedure can be applied to a large class of kernels. Different order Hankel transforms with related kernels are often found in electromagnetic (EM) applications. Because of the general nature of this algorithm, the need to design new filters should not be necessary for most applications. Accuracy of the filters is comparable t...