Hampton hump

Abstract: A radiological sign can sometimes resemble a particular object or pattern and is often highly suggestive of a group of similar pathologies. Awareness of such similarities can shorten the differential diagnosis list. Many such signs have been described for X-ray and computed tomography (CT) images. In this article, we present the most frequently encountered plain film and CT signs in chest imaging. These signs include for plain films the air bronchogram sign, silhouette sign, deep sulcus sign, Continuous diaphragm sign, air crescent ("meniscus") sign, Golden S sign, cervicothoracic sign, Luftsichel sign, scimitar sign, doughnut sign, Hampton hump sign, Westermark sign, and juxtaphrenic peak sign, and for CT the gloved finger sign, CT halo sign, signet ring sign, comet tail sign, CT angiogram sign, crazy paving pattern, tree-in-bud sign, feeding vessel sign, split pleura sign, and reversed halo sign.

Abstract: W415 Acute Pulmonary Embolism Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality Several classic signs of PE have been described on chest radiography but are infrequently encountered Westermark sign is characterized by lucency within all or a portion of a lung, representing oligemia due to vasoconstriction distal to the PE Hampton hump sign describes subpleural consolidation in the setting of pulmonary infarction Fleischner sign is characterized by focal enlargement and abrupt tapering of a central pulmonary artery [1] Contrast-enhanced MDCT has emerged as the reference standard for the detection of PE owing to improved visualization of the pulmonary arteries, fast acquisition time, and widespread availability The most common features of acute PE include central hypodense filling defects within pulmonary arterial branches with peripheral contrast resulting in “tram-track” appearance, acute angles between the filling defects and vessel wall, and complete arterial occlusion [2] (Fig 1) The most common pulmonary finding is segmental or subsegmental atelectasis (or both) Pulmonary infarctions manifest as wedgeshaped opacities of solid, ground-glass, or mixed density in the lung periphery [3] (Fig 2) Several signs of right ventricular dysfunction have been described on MDCT Abnormal position of the interventricular septum, such as straightening of the anterior septum or bowing toward the left ventricle; reflux of contrast material into the inferior vena cava; and increased ratio of right ventricle diameter to left ventricle diameter on four-chamber views have been associated with adverse outcomes [4] (Fig 3)

Abstract: A 56-year-old white woman who had previously been healthy had been admitted to hospital 6 months previously for 2 months due to fever for 1 week associated with an onset of pain in her left hemithorax. She was initially treated for community-acquired pneumonia with a respiratory quinolone and continued to experience pain, which was worse during expiration. She lost 8 kg over the period of her admittance and developed plaque and papules. A chest X-ray showed opacity with fairly precise limits in the lower third of the left hemithorax similar to a Hampton hump, which consists of a shallow wedge-shaped opacity in the periphery of the lung with its base against the pleural surface, associated with diaphragmatic clamping (figure 1A–C). Figure 1 (A) Chest X-ray showing opacity in in the lower third of the left hemithorax and diaphragmatic clamping. (B) Chest CT scan showing opacity with soft tissue density. In the lingula, a heterogeneous broad-based deployment in the adjacent pleural surface measuring 3.6×3.1 cm showed a hypodense area in the centre, which may correspond …