TL;DR: Four new species of Pierella Westwood, 1851 from Brazil are described and Lectotype and paralectotype of Papilio dyndimene Cramer, 1779 (a synonym of F.M. Brown, 1948 stat. nov) and P. chalybaea Godman, 1905 stat.
Abstract: Four new species of Pierella Westwood, 1851 from Brazil are described: P. angeloi Zacca, Siewert & Mielke sp. nov. from Maranhao, P. kesselringi Zacca, Siewert & Paluch sp. nov. from Paraiba, Pernambuco, Alagoas and Sergipe, P. nice Zacca, Siewert & Paluch sp. nov. from Bahia and P. keithbrowni Siewert, Zacca & Casagrande sp. nov. from Bahia, Espirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Parana and Santa Catarina. Additionally, P. chalybaea Godman, 1905 stat. rest. and P. boliviana F.M. Brown, 1948 stat. nov. are recognized as valid species and not as subspecies of P. lamia (Sulzer, 1776), while P. l. colombiana Constantino & Salazar, 2007 syn. nov. is synonymized to the former. Lectotype and paralectotype of Papilio dyndimene Cramer, 1779 (a synonym of Pierella lamia) and Pierella chalybaea Godman, 1905 stat. rest. are designated. Habitus and illustrations of male and female genitalia are provided for all species, as well as a geographical distribution map.
TL;DR: The early stages and a larval food plant are reported for the first time for Haetera piera (Linnaeus) from the upper Amazon.
Abstract: The early stages and a larval food plant are reported for the first time for Haetera piera (Linnaeus) from the upper Amazon. The life history is fully described from material collected at Puerto Narino, Amazonas, in Southeastern Colombia. The larval food plant of H. piera is Spathiphyllum wallisii (Araceae), a new host plant family record for the Neotropical Satyrinae.
TL;DR: Five themes are briefly discussed in light of their pattern diversification: (1) central symmetry system dislocations, (2) variation in ventral hind wing ocelli, the color band between elements f and g, (4) sexual dimorphism and mimicry, and (5) transparency.
Abstract: Based on the most recent nymphalid phylogeny, the Satyrinae can be tentatively organized into the species-rich tribe Satyrini plus a clade that includes the Morphini, Brassolini, Haeterini, Elymniini, Melanitini, Dirini, Zetherini, and Amathusiini. Members of the latter eight tribes have the largest body sizes within Satyrinae and also show extraordinary wing pattern variation. Representatives of these tribes are illustrated herein, and pattern elements of the nymphalid ground plan are identified. Five themes are briefly discussed in light of their pattern diversification: (1) central symmetry system dislocations, (2) variation in ventral hind wing ocelli, (3) the color band between elements f and g, (4) sexual dimorphism and mimicry, and (5) transparency. Within an ecological and evolutionary standpoint, selected genera are provided as examples to explore wing patterns involved in male mating displays, camouflage, and mimicry.
TL;DR: Paluch et al. as mentioned in this paper described Pierella lena atlantica Paluch, Zacca & Siewert ssp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) from the Atlantic Forest of Bahia (Itanagra, Una, and Cachoeira).
Abstract: Pierella lena atlantica Paluch, Zacca & Siewert ssp. nov . (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) is described from the Atlantic Forest of Bahia (Itanagra, Una, and Cachoeira), Brazil. A discussion about this new taxon and its relationship with the other subspecies of P. lena (Linnaeus, 1767) are provided, as are the first illustrations of the female genitalia and an identification key to adults of Pierella hyalinus (Gmelin, [1790]) and P. lena from South America. Resumo Pierella lena atlantica Paluch, Zacca & Siewert ssp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) e descrita da Mata Atlântica da Bahia (Itanagra, Una e Cachoeira). Uma discussao sobre o relacionamento deste taxon com as outras subespecies de P. lena (Linnaeus, 1767) e fornecida, assim como a genitalia feminina da especie e ilustrada pela primeira vez. Ainda, uma chave de identificacao dos adultos de Pierella hyalinus (Gmelin, [1790]) e P. lena da America do Sul e apresentada.