Topic
Gyration
About: Gyration is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1150 publications have been published within this topic receiving 15910 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
1 / 2
Papers
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the sense of gyration of the vortex structure can be reversed by applying short bursts of the sinusoidal excitation field with amplitude of about 1.5 mT, unambiguously indicates a switching of the out-of-plane core polarization.
Abstract: The vortex state, characterized by a curling magnetization, is one of the equilibrium configurations of soft magnetic materials(1-4) and occurs in thin ferromagnetic square and disk-shaped elements of micrometre size and below. The interplay between the magneto-static and the exchange energy favours an in-plane, closed flux domain structure. This curling magnetization turns out of the plane at the centre of the vortex structure, in an area with a radius of about 10 nanometres-the vortex core(5-7). The vortex state has a specific excitation mode: the in-plane gyration of the vortex structure about its equilibrium position(8-10). The sense of gyration is determined by the vortex core polarization(11). Here we report on the controlled manipulation of the vortex core polarization by excitation with small bursts of an alternating magnetic field. The vortex motion was imaged by time-resolved scanning transmission X-ray microscopy(12). We demonstrate that the sense of gyration of the vortex structure can be reversed by applying short bursts of the sinusoidal excitation field with amplitude of about 1.5 mT. This reversal unambiguously indicates a switching of the out-of-plane core polarization. The observed switching mechanism, which can be understood in the framework of micromagnetic theory, gives insights into basic magnetization dynamics and their possible application in data storage.
942 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that alpha/beta-proteins are the most tightly packed proteins with the least radius of gyration, which is independent of the length in comparison with such parameters as compactness and number of contacts per residue.
Abstract: Search and study of the general principles that govern kinetics and thermodynamics of protein folding generate a new insight into the factors controlling this process. Statistical analysis of radii of gyration for 3769 protein structures from four general structural classes (all-alpha, all-beta, alpha/beta, alpha + beta) demonstrates that each class of proteins has its own class-specific radius of gyration, which determines compactness of protein structures: alpha-proteins have the largest radius of gyration. This indicates that they are less tightly packed than beta- and alpha + beta-proteins. Finally, alpha/beta-proteins are the most tightly packed proteins with the least radius of gyration. It should be underlined that radius of gyration normalized on the radius of gyration of ball with the same volume, is independent of the length in comparison with such parameters as compactness and number of contacts per residue.
473 citations
TL;DR: Statistical-thermodynamic models for the excluded volume interaction between an unfolded polypeptide chain and a hard sphere or hard rod cosolute are presented, permitting estimation of the free energy of transfer of a polypeptic chain with fixed radius of gyration from a dilute (ideal) solution to a solution containing volume fraction of either cosolute.
350 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review the past and present research into the multi-scale nature of the solar wind based on in-situ spacecraft measurements and plasma theory and emphasize that couplings of processes across scales are important for the global dynamics and thermodynamics of solar wind.
Abstract: The solar wind is a magnetized plasma and as such exhibits collective plasma behavior associated with its characteristic spatial and temporal scales. The characteristic length scales include the size of the heliosphere, the collisional mean free paths of all species, their inertial lengths, their gyration radii, and their Debye lengths. The characteristic timescales include the expansion time, the collision times, and the periods associated with gyration, waves, and oscillations. We review the past and present research into the multi-scale nature of the solar wind based on in-situ spacecraft measurements and plasma theory. We emphasize that couplings of processes across scales are important for the global dynamics and thermodynamics of the solar wind. We describe methods to measure in-situ properties of particles and fields. We then discuss the role of expansion effects, non-equilibrium distribution functions, collisions, waves, turbulence, and kinetic microinstabilities for the multi-scale plasma evolution.
324 citations
TL;DR: In this article, nonequilibrium molecular dynamics computer simulations of a planar Couette flow are presented for the multibead anharmonic-spring model, where the finitely extensible nonlinear elastic force law is used to connect the up to 100 beads of a chain molecule.
Abstract: Results of nonequilibrium molecular dynamics computer simulations of a planar Couette flow are presented for the multibead anharmonic‐spring model. The finitely extensible nonlinear elastic force law is used to connect the up to 100 beads of a chain molecule. Rheological data (shear viscosity, normal pressure differences) are discussed and compared with quantities describing the chain conformation (e.g., alignment tensor, static structure factor). This renders possible a test of the theoretical approaches which connect these quantities. In agreement with recent experiments, the static strucure factor exhibits characteristic elliptical distortions of the polymer coil whose magnitude depends on the distance from the gyration center. In our simulations the zero‐shear‐rate viscosity is found to scale linearly with the number of beads N up to chains with N=60. A weak upturn of the viscosity per bead for N=100 is found which may indicate the onset of the reptation regime.
233 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 8 |
| 2024 | 19 |
| 2023 | 39 |
| 2022 | 113 |
| 2021 | 20 |
| 2020 | 19 |