Green monkey

Abstract: Summary A herpesvirus was isolated from two sick marmoset monkeys ( Tamarinus nigricollis ), that were believed to be infected with a helminth. The same virus was isolated directly from the kidneys and lungs of two different monkeys. It produced an effect in tissue culture cells resembling that of herpesvirus. The virus produced rapid, fatal infection in marmosets and in suckling mice; and it produced pocks on the chorioallantoic membrane. Antigenically, this virus of new world monkeys was found to be different from classical herpes simplex virus and from B virus of old world monkeys, with no detectable cross reactivity. Its size and structure also show that the virus belongs in the herpes group, which may be briefly characterized as viruses containing DNA cores and possessing icosahedral symmetry with 162 hollow capsomeres. The behavior of the marmoset agent in tissue culture places it in herpesviruses of subgroup A (high titer of free virus) as against those in subgroup B (free virus uncommon). By using primary kidney cell cultures of rabbit and of green and rhesus monkeys, it is possible to distinguish among the primate herpesviruses of subgroup A on the basis of the fact that the rabbit cultures are susceptible to all three, and green monkey cultures to both, of the monkey viruses (old world and new world), but not to the virus of man, whereas rhesus cultures are susceptible only to the old world monkey virus.

Abstract: 1. The fate of (-)-quinic acid has been investigated in 22 species of animals including man. 2. In man and three species of Old World monkeys, i.e. rhesus monkey, baboon and green monkey, oral quinic acid was extensively aromatized (20-60%) and excreted in the urine as hippuric acid, which was determined fluorimetrically. 3. In three species of New World monkeys, i.e. squirrel monkey, spider monkey and capuchin, in three species of lemurs, i.e. bushbaby, slow loris and tree shrew, in the dog, cat, ferret, rabbit, rat, mouse, guinea pig, hamster, lemming, fruit bat, hedgehog and pigeon, oral quinic acid was not extensively aromatized (0-5%). 4. In the rhesus monkey, injected quinic acid was not aromatized, but largely excreted unchanged. 5. In rhesus monkeys pretreated with neomycin to suppress gut flora, the aromatization of oral quinic acid was considerably suppressed. 6. In rats and rhesus monkeys [(14)C]quinic acid was used and this confirmed its low aromatization in rats and its high aromatization in the monkeys. 7. Shikimic acid given orally was excreted as hippuric acid (26-56%) in rhesus monkeys, but not in rats. 8. The results support the view that quinic acid and shikimic acid are aromatized by the gut flora in man and the Old World monkeys.

Abstract: A quantitative analysis has been made of the dental dimensions and indices of (a) a collection of skulls of the green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) brought together from the island of St Kitts in the West Indies, and (b) a corresponding group of green monkey skulls collected in West Africa. The green monkey was introduced into St Kitts some 300 years ago; the African green monkey is the modern representative of its parent stock. Comparison shows that (a) the teeth of the green monkey in the West Indies are bigger than those of its present-day African cousin; (b) that there has been a decrease in the variance of the linear dimensions of the cheek teeth; and (c) that there has been an increase in the occurrence of such dental abnormalities as malposition, numerical variations, and variations in the number of roots of the third molar. These changes can be explained as an effect of selection acting on the original genetic constitution of the stock of green monkeys which became established in the Caribbean.

Abstract: Five different species of primates including cynomolgus monkey, rhesus monkey, green monkey, Japanese monkey, and doguera baboon and woodchucks were inoculated intravenously with infectious serum from a chimpanzee infected with hepatitis C. Serum samples obtained weekly from these animals were negative for hepatitis C virus RNA and anti-HCV during six months following inoculation. Furthermore, serum alanine aminotransferase remained within normal limits, and normal liver histology was seen. This study indicates that these primates and woodchucks do not appear to be susceptible to hepatitis C virus.