Topic
Graydidascalus
About: Graydidascalus is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2 publications have been published within this topic receiving 11 citations.
Papers
TL;DR: The chromosomal similarity between these three species and the karyotypic differences between them and other New World parrots suggest that G. brachyurus and S. xanthops are sister species and are most closely related to members of the genus Pionus.
Abstract: Behavior, morphology, allozyme studies and DNA hybridization and sequencing data all suggest the independent evolution of the Old and New World parrots and support tribe status for the American species, although the phylogenetic relationships within this tribe are still poorly understood. A previous study has shown that the Yellow-faced parrot (Amazona xanthops Spix 1824) exhibits large karyotypic differences compared to the other Amazona species and suggested that this species should be renamed Salvatoria xanthops, although the relationships between S. xanthops and the other New World parrots remain unclear. In the present work, we describe the karyotype of the Scaly-headed parrot (Pionus maximiliani, Kuhl 1820) and the karyotype and C-banding pattern of the Short-tailed parrot (Graydidascalus brachyurus, Kuhl 1820) and compare them to the karyotype and C-banding pattern of S. xanthops, as well as to the karyotypes of other New World parrots. The chromosomal similarity between these three species and the karyotypic differences between them and other New World parrots suggest that G. brachyurus and S. xanthops are sister species and are most closely related to members of the genus Pionus.
11 citations
TL;DR: Findings of this study highlight the need for strategies to protect non-threatened species, thereby preventing more species from becoming endangered, and calculate the threshold for each generated sequence was fundamental for the reliability of species identification.
Abstract: Parrot egg seizure is frequent, and its impact on the population cannot be quantified due to difficulties in identifying the transportation of the eggs by traffickers. Morphological identification of species in eggs is difficult, especially when the embryos are not viable. In this context, DNA barcoding is an alternative for species identification. In May 2018, 31 eggs were seized at the Manaus/AM airport, Brazil and suspected to be parrot eggs. These eggs did not hatch and were sent for species genetic identification. After DNA extraction with the salting-out protocol, fragments of the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene were amplified. DNA barcodes were sequenced, and the results were compared with cytochrome oxidase I (COI) sequences deposited at the Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD). All eggs, except for one, were identified as Graydidascalus brachyurus, a neotropical parrot considered “not threatened” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), but this species is highly trafficked. Calculating the threshold for each generated sequence was fundamental for the reliability of species identification, as the traditional 98–99% sequence similarity pattern is not applicable to all taxa. Each country has specific legislations concerning wildlife trafficking, and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) regulates wildlife trade internationally. In Brazil, the penalty is higher in case of species threatened by illegal trade, but it is still not effective. Findings of this study highlight the need for strategies to protect non-threatened species, thereby preventing more species from becoming endangered. Clinical Trials Registration Not applicable.
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2021 | 1 |
| 2004 | 1 |