Gray box testing

Abstract: Lower costs and improved performance of sensors, controllers, and networking is leading to the development of smart building features, such as continuous performance monitoring, automated diagnostics, and optimal supervisory control. For some of these applications, it is important to be able to predict transient cooling and heating requirements for the building using inverse models that are trained using on-site data. Existing inverse models for transient building loads range from purely empirical or “black-box” models to purely physical or “white-box” models. Generally, black-box (e.g., neural network) models require a significant amount of training data and may not always reflect the actual physical behavior, whereas white-box (e.g., finite difference) models require specification of many physical parameters. This paper presents a hybrid or “gray-box” modeling approach that uses a transfer function with parameters that are constrained to satisfy a simple physical representation for energy flows in the b...

Abstract: Software testing is the process to uncover requirement, design and coding errors in the program. It is used to identify the correctness, completeness, security and quality of software products against a specification. Software testing is the process used to measure the quality of developed computer software. It exhibits all mistakes, errors and flaws in the developed software. There are many approaches to software testing, but effective testing of complex product is essentially a process of investigation, not merely a matter of creating and following route procedure. It is not possible to find out all the errors in the program. This fundamental problem in testing thus throws an open question, as to what would be the strategy we should adopt for testing. In our paper, we have described and compared the three most prevalent and commonly used software testing techniques for detecting errors, they are: white box testing, black box testing and grey box testing.

Abstract: Testing basics case studies black box testing techniques equivalence class testing boundary value testing decision table testing pairwise testing state-transition testing domain analysis testing use case testing white box testing techniques control path testing data flow testing testing paradigms waterfall testing exploratory testing exploratory planning supporting techniques knowing when to stop.