Topic
Grain damage
About: Grain damage is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 385 publications have been published within this topic receiving 3301 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
TL;DR: The results show that activation of α-amylase by high temperature is a crucial trigger for grain chalkiness and that its suppression is a potential strategy for ameliorating grain damage from global warming.
Abstract: Summary
High temperature impairs rice (Oryza sativa) grain filling by inhibiting the deposition of storage materials such as starch, resulting in mature grains with a chalky appearance, currently a major problem for rice farming in Asian countries. Such deterioration of grain quality is accompanied by the altered expression of starch metabolism-related genes. Here we report the involvement of a starch-hydrolyzing enzyme, α-amylase, in high temperature-triggered grain chalkiness. In developing seeds, high temperature induced the expression of α-amylase genes, namely Amy1A, Amy1C, Amy3A, Amy3D and Amy3E, as well as α-amylase activity, while it decreased an α-amylase-repressing plant hormone, ABA, suggesting starch to be degraded by α-amylase in developing grains under elevated temperature. Furthermore, RNAi-mediated suppression of α-amylase genes in ripening seeds resulted in fewer chalky grains under high-temperature conditions. As the extent of the decrease in chalky grains was highly correlated to decreases in the expression of Amy1A, Amy1C, Amy3A and Amy3B, these genes would be involved in the chalkiness through degradation of starch accumulating in the developing grains. The results show that activation of α-amylase by high temperature is a crucial trigger for grain chalkiness and that its suppression is a potential strategy for ameliorating grain damage from global warming.
190 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the development and use of heat-tolerant varieties is an effective way to reduce each type of grain damage based on the existence of each varietal difference, particularly regarding chalky (white-back, basal-white, and milky white) grain, immature thin grain, and cracked grain.
Abstract: Climate change has been an increasingly significant factor behind fluctuations in the yield and quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.), particularly regarding chalky (white-back, basal-white, and milky-white) grain, immature thin grain, and cracked grain. The development and use of heat-tolerant varieties is an effective way to reduce each type of grain damage based on the existence of each varietal difference. Cultivation methods that increase the available assimilate supply per grain, such as deep-flood irrigation, are effective for diminishing the occurrence of milky-white grains under high temperature and low solar radiation conditions. The application of sufficient nitrogen during the reproductive stage is important to reduce the occurrence of most heat damage with the exception of milky-white grain. In regard to developing measures for heat-induced poor palatability of cooked rice, a sensory parameter, the hardness/adhesion ratio may be useful as an indicator of palatability within a relatively w...
161 citations
TL;DR: Results showed that weed seed separated at Backi Maglic in all years dominated in the top soil layer, while the lowest quantities were separated from the deepest layer, and that number of weeds declined annually.
Abstract: In the period 2007 to 2010, at localities Backi Maglic and Krivaja studies of weed seedbank were performed under soybean crop. Results showed that weed seed separated at Backi Maglic in all years dominated in the top soil layer, while the lowest quantities were separated from the deepest layer, and that number of weeds declined annually. At Krivaja, the lowest weed seed stocks were found in the top layer, and the highest in the deepest layer. At this locality, number of weed seeds kept rising from season to season, which was the consequence of application of different cultural practices.
Key words: Soybean, weed seedbank, Amaranthus retroflexus L., Chenopodium album L.,Datura stramonium L.
131 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the effectiveness of hermetic maize storage, particularly where the Larger Grain Borer (LGB), Prostephanus truncatus occurs, and showed that hermetic storage can be an effective pesticide-free alternative to synthetic pesticides in reducing grain storage losses under smallholder farming conditions.
95 citations
TL;DR: Thirty-one naturally occurring essential oils of plant origin were studied under laboratory conditions for reproduction retardant, fumigant toxicity, and grain protection capability against Sitophilus oryzae (L.).
Abstract: Thirty-one naturally occurring essential oils of plant origin (1,000 ppm in acetone) were studied under laboratory conditions for reproduction retardant, fumigant toxicity, and grain protection capability against Sitophilus oryzae (L.). The volatile oil obtained from Pinus longifolia Roxburgh reduced the population of S. oryzae 37.51, 75.21, and 86.82% compared with controls of 30, 60, and 90 d after application, indicating the strong reproduction retardant property of the oil. In contrast, essential oils from Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl and Zanthoxylum alatum Roxburgh increased the insect population 1.5 and 2 times more than controls in 90 d, respectively; these oils showed significant growth promotion. Only Mentha citrate Ehrhart oil showed significant fumigant toxicity when applied to stored wheat grain. However, this effect lasted for only 30 d. Amomum subulatum Roxburgh, Artemisia maritime L., Cedrus deodara (Roxburgh) Loudon, and Z. alatum oils (30 d) and P. longifolia oil (60 d) protected wheat grains from damage. None of the oils, however, could protect wheat grain from damage throughout the entire study period (90 d). The lowest grain damage was observed when seeds were treated with P. longifolia and Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt oils. Isolation of active principles from these biologically active essential oils may be a new natural source of insect control agents.
88 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 1 |
| 2021 | 13 |
| 2020 | 24 |
| 2019 | 19 |
| 2018 | 38 |
| 2017 | 26 |