TL;DR: The congruence between the age of major clades, estimated by NPRS, and palaeoclimatic data present evidence for the role of climatic changes in shaping present day distribution of the Sturnidae group.
TL;DR: The writer has reviewed the literature on the systematics of genera Habronema, Excisa, Cyrnea and Sicarius and eight new species* of Aviabronema are described, of these six are reported from birds of prey.
Abstract: 1. The writer has reviewed the literature on the systematics of genera Habronema, Excisa, Cyrnea and Sicarius. The genus Habronema is divided into two subgenera, Habronema and Aviabronema, for the parasites of mammals and birds respectively. A key to the known species of the genus is given.2. Eight new species* of Aviabronema are described ; of these six are reported from birds of prey, one from the green pigeon (Crocopus phoenicopterus) and the other from the grackle (Gracula intermedia).3. A new species of Excisa and another new species of Cyrnea are described ; Sicarius dipterum is reported from India.
TL;DR: In this paper, the Gracula pectoralis of Mr. Wallace has been discussed in reference to the article "Gracula pectoris of Wallace" in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History.
Abstract: (1862). Remarks in reference to the Gracula pectoralis of Mr. Wallace. Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Vol. 10, No. 60, pp. 472-473.
TL;DR: The role of the locusts in disseminating infection in Saudi Arabia was discussed and helminth infection in the lungs and air sacs with five to eight female worms of the nematode was discussed.
Abstract: Twelve mynah birds (Gracula species) were collected dead from Jeddah market. The immediate parasitological examination of all organs revealed only helminth infection in the lungs and air sacs with five to eight female worms of the nematode; Diplotriaena divergens. The role of the locusts in disseminating infection in Saudi Arabia was discussed.