TL;DR: In this article, the authors model the economics of climate change using the DICE model macrogeophysics and derive the climate and carbon-cycle equations geoeconomics -energy, emissions, and the economic impact.
Abstract: Part 1 Modelling the economics of climate change: the structure and derivation of the DICE model macrogeophysics - derivation oof the climate and carbon-cycle equations geoeconomics - energy, emissions and the economic impact of climate change. Part 2 Model results: analysis of policies to slow global warming. Part 3 Risk and uncertainty in policy toward climate change: sensitivity analysis of the DICE model formal sensitivity analysis - estimation of uncertainty in climate change decision analysis and the value of information.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the Structure of International Environmental Law I: Rights and Obligations of States, Regulation, Compliance, Enforcement and Dispute Settlement, Environmental Protection and Sustainable Use of International Watercourses, and International Control of Hazardous Waste.
Abstract: 1. International Law and the Environment 2. International Governance and the Formulation of Environmental Law and Policy 3. The Structure of International Environmental Law I: Rights and Obligations of States 4. The Structure of International Environmental Law II: Regulation, Compliance, Enforcement and Dispute Settlement 5. The Structure of International Environmental Law III: Environmental Rights and Crimes 6. Environmental Protection and Sustainable Use of International Watercourses 7. The Law of the Sea and the Protection of the Marine Environment 8. The International Control of Hazardous Waste 9. Nuclear Energy and the Environment 10. Protecting the Atmosphere and Outer Space 11. Conservation of Nature, Ecosystems, and Biodiversity: Principles and Problems 12. Conservation of Migratory and Land-based Species and Biodiversity 13. Conservation of Marine Living Resources and Biodiversity 14. International Trade and Environmental Protection
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that cross-scale institutions (such as institutions of co-management) have something in common: they provide ways to deal with complex adaptive systems, such as selforganizatio n, uncertainty and resilience, and deal with the challenges of scale.
Abstract: Most research in the area of common property (common-pool) resources in the last 2-3 decades sought the simplicity of community-based resource management cases to develop theory. This was mainly because of the relative ease of observing processes of self-governance in simple cases. However, this creates a problem. Whether the findings of small- scale, community-based commons can be scaled up to generalize about regional and global commons is much debated. Even though some of the principles from community-based studies are likely relevant across scale, new and different principles may also come into play at different levels. Cross-scale institutions (such as institutions of co- management) have something in common: they provide ways to deal with complex adaptive systems. They all pertain to various aspects of complexity, such as selforganizatio n, uncertainty, and resilience, and deal with the challenges of scale. Communities themselves can be seen as complex systems -- embedded in larger complex systems. Thus, community-based resource management needs to deal with cross-scale governance and external drivers of change, as I illustrate with examples of marine commons.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors modify the DICE model of climate change to allow for induced innovation in the energy sector and find that the effect of induced innovation on emissions and mean global temperature is small.