TL;DR: The first appearance of E. huxleyi has an age of 268,000 B.P, occurring consistently in the middle of oxygen isotope stage 12, whereas the first appearance E. lacunosa has been shown to have occurred in the early stages of the second stage as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The global synchroneity of the Pseudoemiliania lacunosa extinction and the first appearance of Emiliania huxleyi is established by correlation with the oxygen isotope record in seven cores underlying tropical, subtropical, transitional, and subpolar waters. The P. lacunosa extinction is dated at 458,000 B.P., occurring consistently in the middle of oxygen isotope stage 12, whereas the first appearance of E. huxleyi has an age of 268,000 B.P., occurring consistently late in oxygen isotope stage 8. A third coccolith event, the reversal in dominance between Gephyrocapsa caribbeanica and E. huxleyi , is time-transgressive. In tropical and subtropical waters, it correlates with oxygen isotope stages 5b and 5a, approximately 85,000 B.P.; in transitional waters, it correlates with oxygen isotope stage 4, approximately 73,000 B.P.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors showed that Gephyrocapsa oceanica can synthesize C 37 C 39 alkenones and esters of di- and tri-unsaturated C 36 fatty acids.
TL;DR: Piston core (PS2487-6) and sediment surface samples, recovered in the area of the Agulhas Current retroflection, were used to construct paleoceanographic scenarios for the late Quaternary in a region with an important role in global water mass transfer as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a revision of the biogeographical distribution of five coccolithophorid species (Coccolithus pelagicus, Calcidiscus leptoporus, Heli-cosphaera carteri, Syracosphaera pulchra and Umbilicosphara sibogae) and the genus Gephyrocapsa in the Atlantic Ocean.
Abstract: In this chapter we present a revision of the biogeographical distribution of five coccolithophorid species (Coccolithus pelagicus, Calcidiscus leptoporus, Heli-cosphaera carteri, Syracosphaera pulchra and Umbilicosphaera sibogae) and the genus Gephyrocapsa in the Atlantic Ocean. The mapping is based on surface sediment samples. Each of the taxa considered here constitutes an unambiguous morphological group ideal for rapid low taxonomic resolution analysis of assemblages, which is a tempting strategy for ecological and paleoecological analysis of assemblages. However, in each case recent research has indicated that these broad taxa are in fact composed of several discrete species, or sub-species. The clearest example is C. pelagicus, with discrete morphotypes in sub-Arctic and temperate upwelling areas. For Gephyrocapsa and Umbilicosphaera the separation is less obvious but still unambiguous. Species separation is manifestly essential to understanding the biogeography of these taxa. For H. carteri and S. pulchra the mapped distributions are relatively straightforward and we do not yet know how they relate to the recently proven genotypic variation within the taxa.
TL;DR: In this article, a quantitative analysis was carried out on coccolith assemblages from two Pleistocene cores (K1 and K10) from the western Mediterranean from the Liguro Provencal basin.