Ganglionic blocking agent

Abstract: The hypophysiotropic coding of ACTH secretion resulting from insulin-induced hypoglycemia was investigated in urethane-anesthetized fasted rats. The participation of corticotropin- releasing factor (CRF), arginine vasopressin (AVP), and catecholamines in the ACTH response was first investigated by systemic administration of CRF antiserum, an AVP pressor antagonist, or a ganglionic blocking agent. These treatments were without effect on the hypoglycemic response, which was characterized by a 67% fall in systemic glucose levels within 30 min of insulin administration. ACTH secretion in response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia was differentially affected by these pharmacological treatments. Administration of antiserum to CRF abolished the ACTH response, whereas ganglionic blockade was without significant effect. However, administration of a vasopressinergic pressor antagonist significantly attenuated ACTH secretion after insulin treatment. These observations suggested the participation of both CRF and AVP in...

Abstract: Introduction: orientation to pharmacology application of pharmacology in nursing practice pharmacology and the nursing process drug legislation, development, names, and information. Part 1 Basic principles of pharmacology: pharmacokinetics pharmacodynamics drug-drug and drug-food interactions adverse drug reactions individual variation in drug responses. Part 2 Drug therapy across the life span: drug therapy pregnancy and breast feeding drug therapy in paediatric patients drug therapy in geriatric patients. Part 3 Peripheral nervous system drugs: introduction - basic principles of neuropharmacology, physiology of the peripheral nervous system cholinergic drugs - muscarinic agonists and antagonists, cholinesterase inhibitors, neuromuscular blocking agents and ganglionic blocking agents adrenergic drugs - adrenergic agonists, adrenergic antagonists, indirect-acting antiadrenergic agents. Part 4 Central nervous system drugs: introduction - introduction to central nervous system pharmacology neurologic drugs - drugs for Parkinson's disease, drugs for epilepsy, drug therapy of muscle spasm and spasticity analgesics and anaesthetic - opioid (narcotic) analgesics, local anaesthetics, general anaesthetics, drugs for headache psychotherapeutic drugs - antipsychotic agents, antidepressants, drugs for bipolar disorder, benzodiazepines and other drugs for anxiety and insomnia, central nervous system stimulants and their use in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, other psychologic disorders, drug abuse - considerations, alcohol, opioids, depressants, stimulants, marijuana, psychedelics, inhalants, and nicotine. Part 5 Drugs that affect fluid and electrolyte balance: diuretics agents affecting the volume and ion content of body fluids. Part 6 Cardiovascular drugs: review of haemodynamics drugs acting on the renin-angiotensin system calcium channel blockers vasodilators drugs for hypertension drugs for angina pectoris drugs for heart failure management of myocardial infarction antidysrthymic drugs prophylaxis of coronary artery disease - drugs used to lower cholesterol levels. Part 7 Drugs that affect the blood: drugs that affect coagulation - anticoagulants, antiplatelet drugs, and thrombolytics drugs for deficiency anaemias haematopoietic growth factors. Part 8 Endocrine drugs: drugs for diabetes mellitus drugs for thyroid diseases drugs related to hypothalamic and pituitary functions drugs for disorders of the adrenal cortex oestrogens and progestins birth control drugs for infertility uterine stimulants and relaxants androgens. (Part contents).

Abstract: The innervation of the feline bladder and urethra was studied by a histochemical fluorescence technique and the use of peripheral nerve stimulations in combination with different blocking agents. The studies were performed in the normal state and at various times after parasympathetic denervation, achieved by sectioning of appropriate ventral roots.After parasympathetic denervation the bladder response following hypogastric nerve stimulation was changed from a normal response of initial contraction and subsequent relaxation into a sustained bladder contraction. This altered response, first observed after 6 weeks, was composed of two phases; a weak and brief contraction followed immediately by a strong and long-lasting contraction. The second phase was adrenergic (blocked by an adrenergic aL-blocking agent) and presumably effected via intramural ganglia (blocked by a ganglionic blocking agent).Consistent with this was the histochemical observation of a change in adrenergic innervation. About 6 weeks after ...

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate spontaneous variability of arterial blood pressure in conscious foxhounds in the absence of direct sympathetic and parasympathetic influences. Autonomic blockade was achieved by administration of the ganglionic blocking agent hexamethonium (n = 7). In contrast to the control group (n = 7), marked oscillations with a cycle length of 100 s (0.01 Hz) were observed. The relationship of the power densities of the oscillation band (0.01 +/- 0.005 Hz) to the total power increased threefold (0.213 +/- 0.007 vs. 0.057 +/- 0.005; P < 0.01). The 0.01-Hz oscillations typically commenced after some delay. To test whether the absence of the mechanoreceptor afferents was responsible for these fluctuations, we investigated an additional group of foxhounds that were subjected to total baroreceptor and cardiopulmonary receptor denervation (n = 7). Neither in this protocol, nor in a group subjected to denervation and ganglionic blockade (n = 6), did we observe sustained oscillations in this frequency range. Since the oscillations were not seen after combined afferent (mechanoreceptor denervation) and efferent (ganglionic) blockade, central oscillators as a source of the oscillations can be ruled out. A simple model of a circulating pressoric factor may explain the fluctuations, provided that there is a time delay between the stimulus and the release or action of the factor. The findings suggest that a circulating factor accounts for the 0.01-Hz oscillations, which is dependent on intact pathways from the cardiac receptors or baroreceptors to the central nervous system. This hypothesis is put forward since cardiopulmonary and baroreceptor denervation blocked the oscillations seen after ganglionic blockade.