TL;DR: In this paper, a fixture model is formulated by taking into account the overall errors among the system consisting of the workpiece and the fixture in the design of the fixture locating scheme.
Abstract: In manufacturing engineering, localization accuracy is a key concern in the design of a fixture to specify a locating scheme and tolerance allocation. This paper presents a general analysis methodology that is able to characterize the effects of localization source errors based on the position and orientation of the workpiece. From this methodology, a fixture model is formulated by taking into account the overall errors among the system consisting of the workpiece and the fixture in the design of the fixture locating scheme. With this model, the locating principle and a criterion of the robust optimal design are then proposed to improve the localization quality of the fixture. Some examples are provided and allow for a detailed discussion about how to carry out the optimal design of the locating scheme. A comparative study is also made between the optimal solution and the empirical one. Finally, an experiment is made to validate the fixture locating scheme for a cylindrical workpiece. We conclude that this robust design method effectively achieves stable machining precision in workpieces.
TL;DR: The aim was to locate the number plate by use of intuitive rules and experience, and the system can be adapted to locate other patterns by extending or changing the rules.
Abstract: Fuzzy logic is applied to the problem of locating the number plate in digital images of cars. The intention of the paper is to show the capability of fuzzy logic in this field. Our aim was to locate the number plate by use of intuitive rules and experience. By extending or changing the rules the system can easily be adapted to locate other patterns. The results obtained by the system are very good and reliable.
TL;DR: In this article, a locating error analysis approach for set-up planning and fixture design is presented based on the considerations of locating the error source and true positioning geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD/T).
Abstract: Based on the considerations of locating the error source and true positioning geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD/T), this paper presents a locating error analysis approach for set-up planning and fixture design. It includes three techniques: (1) by synchronizing locating elements with locating features, a fixturing coordination system is defined to simulate the actual locating situation; (2) a vectorial tolerance zone definition is explored. Compared with the tolerance zone definition published in ISO and ANSI Y14.5 standards, the biggest difference is that this definition is built up on the fixturing coordination system. Consequently, it is especially suitable for locating error analysis; (3) a locating error evaluation algorithm is developed with sensitivity analysis functions. The proposed models and techniques have been implemented with commercial CAD systems and have been applied to automobile manufacturing companies.
TL;DR: The proposed method first determines the proper locations for metering measurement using fuzzy clustering, and an artificial neural network based on the back-propagation approach is used to identify the most likely location for multiple harmonic sources.
Abstract: A new method is proposed for locating multiple harmonic sources in distribution systems. The proposed method first determines the proper locations for metering measurement using fuzzy clustering. Next, an artificial neural network based on the back-propagation approach is used to identify the most likely location for multiple harmonic sources. A set of systematic algorithmic steps is developed until all harmonic locations are identified. The simulation results for an 18-busbar system show that the proposed method is very efficient in locating the multiple harmonics in a distribution system.
TL;DR: In this paper, a machining-dimension-based locating scheme design approach is developed and partitioned into two main parts for the study, namely, the relationship between the machining dimensions and the DOFs to be constrained theoretically and the fixture locating scheme is established to characterize the practical constrained DOFs of a workpiece in terms of the known locator number and positions.
Abstract: In traditional and modern manufacturing systems, how to plan the workpiece holding is the first issue of the machining operation to be confronted for the fixture design. To ensure the machining accuracy of specific dimensions, it is necessary to develop a proper fixture locating scheme to constrain correctly the degrees of freedom (DOFs) of a workpiece with respect to the cutting tool. In this paper, a machining-dimension-based locating scheme design approach is developed and partitioned into two main parts for the study. First, the relationship is established between the machining dimensions and the DOFs to be constrained theoretically. Second, the fixture locating scheme is established to characterize the practical constrained DOFs of a workpiece in terms of the known locator number and positions. As a result, judgment criteria are formulated quantitatively for the first time to verify not only the locating scheme correctness but also to identify the cause of locating scheme incorrectness. Finally, two test examples are illustrated to show the proposed locating scheme.