TL;DR: Findings of this study indicate that hermaphroditic gonad structure will prove to be a useful trait in determining evolutionary relationships within the Gobiidae.
Abstract: Hermaphroditism has been reported for a small number of gobiid fishes, but the extent of this sexual pattern within the family is not known. Gonad structure was examined in one or more species from twenty-one gobiid genera. No evidence of hermaphroditism was found in the species selected from 14 genera. Laboratory studies supported the conclusion of gonochorism for the examined species in four of them:Asterropteryx, Bathygobius, Gnatholepis, andPsilogobius. Currently, the absence of precursive testicular tissues associated with the ovary in females, in conjunction with no retained ovarian features in the testes of males, appear to be reliable indicators of a gonochoristic sexual pattern in gobiid fishes. Evidence for hermaphroditism was observed in seven genera:Eviota, Trimma, Fusigobius, Lophogobius, Priolepis, Gobiodon, andParagobiodon. Protogyny was experimentally confirmed inE. epiphanes, and the gonad structure in another nine of ten species ofEviota suggested either protogyny or protogynous tendencies. With the exception ofGobiodon andParagobiodon, which exhibited similar gonadal structure, ovarian and testicular structure varied considerably among the hermaphroditic genera examined, both with regard to the configuration and to the degree of development of ovarian and testicular tissues, or testicular tissue precursors. Findings of this study indicate that hermaphroditic gonad structure will prove to be a useful trait in determining evolutionary relationships within the Gobiidae.
TL;DR: An undescribed goby has been collected from several localities in the western troplcal Pacific, from Japan to Australia, and is described as a new species that differs from other species of Fusigobius in pectoral ray counts, colouration, largely separate pelvic fins, and shape of the first dorsal fin.
Abstract: An undescribed goby has been collected from several localities in the western troplcal Pacific, from Japan to Australia. This species is described as a new species,Fusigobius signiplnnis. It differs from other species ofFusigobius in pectoral ray counts, colouration, largely separate pelvic fins, and shape of the first dorsal fin. The species is found in groups on sand, frequently flicking its first dorsal fin. Males are larger than females in mean size. Sex ratios are uneven, and females are twice as numerous as males.
TL;DR: This study builds on previous work in which gobiids were placed among their gobioid relatives by adding additional taxa as well as additional markers, providing a much more comprehensive portrait of gobiid intrarelationships and including all major lineages of gobies.
Abstract: The teleost family Gobiidae includes at least 1120 described species of fishes, distributed worldwide in both tropical and temperate habitats. The majority of gobies inhabit marine environments, in particular Old World coral reefs. However, a radiation of gobiids inhabits the rivers and near-shore habitats of Europe and Asia, and a variety of genera are also found in the seas of the New World. This study builds on previous work in which gobiids were placed among their gobioid relatives by adding additional taxa as well as additional markers, providing a much more comprehensive portrait of gobiid intrarelationships and including all major lineages of gobies. We used DNA sequences from both mitochondrial (ND1, ND2, COI) and nuclear (RAG2, Rhodopsin, RNF213) genes to infer phylogeny among 127 representatives of 100 species of gobies, using two gobionellid species as outgroups. We delineated 13 lineages within Gobiidae, including one clade of shrimp-associated gobies represented by the genera Cryptocentrus, Mahidolia and Stonogobiops and a second separate shrimp-associated goby clade including Amblyeleotris, Ctenogobiops and Vanderhorstia. The Mediterranean, Ponto-Caspian and Eastern Atlantic gobies are resolved in a clade along with two genera known from the Western Indian Ocean. Invasion of the New World is shown to have occurred multiple times among the sampled taxa, in the American seven-spined gobies, the Coryphopterus, Lophogobius and Rhinogobiops radiation (sister to Fusigobius) and separately in the wormfishes Cerdale and Microdesmus, resolved in a clade alongside the Indo-Pacific Gunnellichthys, Ptereleotris and Nemateleotris. The cosmopolitan genera Bathygobius and Priolepis represent further separate radiations, and Lythrypnus shows complex relationships with both Priolepis and Trimma.