TL;DR: It is indistinguishable morphometrically from S. seculus, yet differentiable from other species of Salsuginus by its dorsal and ventral hamuli and by its accessory piece.
Abstract: Salsuginus bermudae sp.n. is described from gills of mangrove minnow, Fundulus bermudae Gunther, and mosquito fish, Gambusia affinis (Baird and Girard), from Bermuda. It differs from S. angularis by its shorter ventral hamuli (20–23 versus 22–26 μm); from S. fundulus, S. spirae, and S. heterocliti by its shorter dorsal and ventral hamuli (17–21 versus 22–26, 22–26, 20–24 μm, respectively, for dorsal hamuli and 20–23 versus 23–29, 23–27, 25–28 μm, respectively, for ventral hamuli); from S. bahamianus by its longer ventral hamulus superficial root (6–10 versus 5–6 μm); and from S. umbraensis by its shorter dorsal hamuli and dorsal bar (17–21 versus 23–24 and 19–26 versus 30–31 μm, respectively). It is indistinguishable morphometrically from S. seculus, yet differentiable from other species of Salsuginus by its dorsal and ventral hamuli and by its accessory piece. Mangrove minnows may be distributed in separate populations in the various Bermudian lakes. Differences in accessory piece morphology allowed disc...
TL;DR: Fundulus bermudae and Fundulus relictus are endemic to Bermuda and are protected under the Bermuda Protected Species Act 2003; for 6 ponds, populations appear to be large enough to be self-sustaining for the foreseeable future; for 1 pond, the population is lowenough to be regarded as vulnerable.
Abstract: Fundulus bermudae and Fundulus relictus are endemic to Bermuda and are protected under the Bermuda Protected Species Act 2003. These killifishes were described as abundant and widespread in the wetland communities of Bermuda during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Surveys were undertaken during 2004-2005 to determine the current distribution, as well as to esti- mate the size and structure of each Fundulus population. Killifishes are now found in only 9 isolated ponds. For 6 ponds, populations appear to be large enough to be self-sustaining for the foreseeable future; for 1 pond, the population is low enough to be regarded as vulnerable. Estimates were not feasible in the case of the remaining 2 ponds.
TL;DR: A distinctive annual pattern was evident, with female and male gonadal cycles synchronous throughout the study period, and gonadal indices abruptly fell after June and continued to fall at a steady rate until September, marking the end of the spawning season.
Abstract: A total of 245 individuals from a population of the endemic Bermuda killifish Fundulus bermudae in an
isolated anchialine pond (Mangrove Lake) were trapped between November 2004 and November 2005.
Laboratory analysis of gonad development allowed determination of the seasonal reproductive cycles of
both females and males. A distinctive annual pattern was evident, with female and male gonadal cycles
synchronous throughout the study period. The results indicate that the F. bermudae males and females began
their spawning season in February, but reached primary peaks in May and June respectively. Gonadal
indices abruptly fell after June and continued to fall at a steady rate until September, marking the end of
the spawning season. Gonad recrudescence, as indicated by basal gonad indices, occurred in September
and lasted throughout the autumn and early winter months.